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Uncertainty quantification in a neural network is one of the most discussed topics for safety-critical applications. Though Neural Networks (NNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for many applications, they still provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Mehedi Hasan , Abbas Khosravi , Ibrahim Hossain , Ashikur Rahman , Saeid Nahavandi

Traditional neural networks provide deterministic predictions without inherent uncertainty estimates. While Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) offer a principled approach to uncertainty quantification, their computational complexity limits…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 Rouaa Hoblos , Noura Dridi , Noureddine Zerhouni , Zeina Al Masry

Knowing the uncertainty associated with the output of a deep neural network is of paramount importance in making trustworthy decisions, particularly in high-stakes fields like medical diagnosis and autonomous systems. Monte Carlo Dropout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Hamzeh Asgharnezhad , Afshar Shamsi , Roohallah Alizadehsani , Arash Mohammadi , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny

Reliable uncertainty estimation is crucial for machine learning models, especially in safety-critical domains. While exact Bayesian inference offers a principled approach, it is often computationally infeasible for deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Aslak Djupskås , Alexander Johannes Stasik , Signe Riemer-Sørensen

Deploying deep learning models in safety-critical applications remains a very challenging task, mandating the provision of assurances for the dependable operation of these models. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods estimate the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Daniel Bethell , Simos Gerasimou , Radu Calinescu

Dropout is conventionally used during the training phase as regularization method and for quantifying uncertainty in deep learning. We propose to use dropout during training as well as inference steps, and average multiple predictions to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Mehmet Yigit Avci , Ziyu Li , Qiuyun Fan , Susie Huang , Berkin Bilgic , Qiyuan Tian

Among the various options to estimate uncertainty in deep neural networks, Monte-Carlo dropout is widely popular for its simplicity and effectiveness. However the quality of the uncertainty estimated through this method varies and choices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Francesco Verdoja , Ville Kyrki

In this report, we present qualitative analysis of Monte Carlo (MC) dropout method for measuring model uncertainty in neural network (NN) models. We first consider the sources of uncertainty in NNs, and briefly review Bayesian Neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-06 Ronald Seoh

The Monte Carlo dropout method has proved to be a scalable and easy-to-use approach for estimating the uncertainty of deep neural network predictions. This approach was recently applied to Fault Detection and Di-agnosis (FDD) applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Baihong Jin , Yingshui Tan , Yuxin Chen , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

We develop a multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) framework for uncertainty quantification with Monte Carlo dropout. Treating dropout masks as a source of epistemic randomness, we define a fidelity hierarchy by the number of stochastic forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Aaron Pim , Tristan Pryer

Estimating predictive uncertainty is crucial for many computer vision tasks, from image classification to autonomous driving systems. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is an sampling method for performing Bayesian inference. On the other hand,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Diego Vergara , Sergio Hernández , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Felipe Jorquera

Among Bayesian methods, Monte-Carlo dropout provides principled tools for evaluating the epistemic uncertainty of neural networks. Its popularity recently led to seminal works that proposed activating the dropout layers only during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Emanuele Ledda , Giorgio Fumera , Fabio Roli

The uncertainty measurement of classifiers' predictions is especially important in applications such as medical diagnoses that need to ensure limited human resources can focus on the most uncertain predictions returned by machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Xuchao Zhang , Fanglan Chen , Chang-Tien Lu , Naren Ramakrishnan

Uncertainty quantification is essential for robotic perception, as overconfident or point estimators can lead to collisions and damages to the environment and the robot. In this paper, we evaluate scalable approaches to uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Javier Rodríguez-Puigvert , Rubén Martínez-Cantín , Javier Civera

As deep learning-based computer vision algorithms continue to advance the state of the art, their robustness to real-world data continues to be an issue, making it difficult to bring an algorithm from the lab to the real world.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Michael Smith , Frank Ferrie

The model uncertainty obtained by variational Bayesian inference with Monte Carlo dropout is prone to miscalibration. In this paper, different logit scaling methods are extended to dropout variational inference to recalibrate model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Max-Heinrich Laves , Sontje Ihler , Karl-Philipp Kortmann , Tobias Ortmaier

Delivering meaningful uncertainty estimates is essential for a successful deployment of machine learning models in the clinical practice. A central aspect of uncertainty quantification is the ability of a model to return predictions that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Adrian Galdran , Johan Verjans , Gustavo Carneiro , Miguel A. González Ballester

Spatially referenced datasets have become increasingly prevalent across many fields, largely driven by advances in data collection methods such as satellite remote sensing. In many applications, predictions at unobserved locations are…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-19 Isaac Amouzou , Ben Seiyon Lee

Deep neural networks, despite their high accuracy, often exhibit poor confidence calibration, limiting their reliability in high-stakes applications. Current ad-hoc confidence calibration methods attempt to fix this during training but face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sandra Gómez-Gálvez , Tobias Olenyi , Gillian Dobbie , Katerina Taškova

Quantification of uncertainty is one of the most promising approaches to establish safe machine learning. Despite its importance, it is far from being generally solved, especially for neural networks. One of the most commonly used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Joachim Sicking , Maram Akila , Maximilian Pintz , Tim Wirtz , Asja Fischer , Stefan Wrobel
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