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This paper explores the intricate relationship between interpretability and robustness in deep learning models. Despite their remarkable performance across various tasks, deep learning models often exhibit critical vulnerabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Rakin , Longwei Wang

Preference learning methods such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) are known to induce reliance on spurious correlations, leading to sycophancy and length bias in today's language models and potentially severe goal misgeneralization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christian Moya , Alex Semendinger , Guang Lin , Elliott Thornley

We present a human-in-the-loop dashboard tailored to diagnosing potential spurious features that NLI models rely on for predictions. The dashboard enables users to generate diverse and challenging examples by drawing inspiration from GPT-3…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Robin Chan , Afra Amini , Mennatallah El-Assady

Machine learning models often pose a threat to the privacy of individuals whose data is part of the training set. Several recent attacks have been able to infer sensitive information from trained models, including model inversion or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Abigail Goldsteen , Gilad Ezov , Ariel Farkash

The goal of data attribution for text-to-image models is to identify the training images that most influence the generation of a new image. Influence is defined such that, for a given output, if a model is retrained from scratch without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Sheng-Yu Wang , Aaron Hertzmann , Alexei A. Efros , Jun-Yan Zhu , Richard Zhang

We investigate whether three types of post hoc model explanations--feature attribution, concept activation, and training point ranking--are effective for detecting a model's reliance on spurious signals in the training data. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Julius Adebayo , Michael Muelly , Hal Abelson , Been Kim

Deep models trained on large amounts of data often incorporate implicit biases present during training time. If later such a bias is discovered during inference or deployment, it is often necessary to acquire new data and retrain the model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Niklas Penzel , Gideon Stein , Joachim Denzler

Improving the quality of training samples is crucial for improving the reliability and performance of ML models. In this paper, we conduct a comparative evaluation of influence-based signals for debugging training data. These signals can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Nikolaos Myrtakis , Ioannis Tsamardinos , Vassilis Christophides

Influence Functions are a standard tool for attributing predictions to training data in a principled manner and are widely used in applications such as data valuation and fairness. In this work, we present realistic incentives to manipulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chhavi Yadav , Ruihan Wu , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Deep learning models have been successful in many areas but understanding their behaviors still remains a black-box. Most prior explainable AI (XAI) approaches have focused on interpreting and explaining how models make predictions. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chaeri Kim , Jaeyeon Bae , Taehwan Kim

With the rapid adoption of machine learning systems in sensitive applications, there is an increasing need to make black-box models explainable. Often we want to identify an influential group of training samples in a particular test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Samyadeep Basu , Xuchen You , Soheil Feizi

Data attribution methods trace model behavior back to its training dataset, offering an effective approach to better understand ''black-box'' neural networks. While prior research has established quantifiable links between model output and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tong Xie , Haoyu Li , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Intervention intuition is often used in model explanation where the intervention effect of a feature on the outcome is quantified by the difference of a model prediction when the feature value is changed from the current value to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Debo Cheng , Ziqi Xu , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Kui Yu , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu

A critical aspect of analyzing and improving modern machine learning systems lies in understanding how individual training examples influence a model's predictive behavior. Estimating this influence enables critical applications, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Narine Kokhlikyan , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Saeed Mahloujifar

Language models are commonly fine-tuned via reinforcement learning to alter their behavior or elicit new capabilities. Datasets used for these purposes, and particularly human preference datasets, are often noisy. The relatively small size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Daniel Fein , Gabriela Aranguiz-Dias

Influence propagation in social networks has recently received large interest. In fact, the understanding of how influence propagates among subjects in a social network opens the way to a growing number of applications. Many efforts have…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Luca Luceri , Torsten Braun , Silvia Giordano

Language models (LMs) have achieved notable success in numerous NLP tasks, employing both fine-tuning and in-context learning (ICL) methods. While language models demonstrate exceptional performance, they face robustness challenges due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuhang Zhou , Paiheng Xu , Xiaoyu Liu , Bang An , Wei Ai , Furong Huang

LLMs are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet their sensitivity to spurious contextual information can introduce harmful biases. This is a critical concern when models are deployed for tasks like evaluating teachers'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hyunji Nam , Dorottya Demszky

Influence estimation methods promise to explain and debug machine learning by estimating the impact of individual samples on the final model. Yet, existing methods collapse under training randomness: the same example may appear critical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Subhodip Panda , Dhruv Tarsadiya , Shashwat Sourav , Prathosh A. P , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Spurious correlations that lead models to correct predictions for the wrong reasons pose a critical challenge for robust real-world generalization. Existing research attributes this issue to group imbalance and addresses it by maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Miaoyun Zhao , Chenrong Li , Qiang Zhang