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While deep reinforcement learning (RL) has fueled multiple high-profile successes in machine learning, it is held back from more widespread adoption by its often poor data efficiency and the limited generality of the policies it produces. A…

UX practitioners face novel challenges when designing user interfaces for machine learning (ML)-enabled applications. Interactive ML paradigms, like AutoML and interactive machine teaching, lower the barrier for non-expert end users to…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues in education. This study examines the use of LLMs in supporting learning in machine learning education; in particular, it focuses on the ability of LLMs to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in educational contexts to provide personalized support to students and teachers. The unprecedented capacity of LLM-based applications to understand and generate natural language can…

Selecting techniques is a crucial element of the business analysis approach planning in IT projects. Particular attention is paid to the choice of techniques for requirements elicitation. One of the promising methods for selecting…

As Machine Learning technologies become increasingly used in contexts that affect citizens, companies as well as researchers need to be confident that their application of these methods will not have unexpected social implications, such as…

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being deployed in critical systems. The data dependence of ML makes securing data used to train and test ML-enabled systems of utmost importance. While the field of cybersecurity has well-established…

The emergence of a variety of Machine Learning (ML) approaches for travel mode choice prediction poses an interesting question to transport modellers: which models should be used for which applications? The answer to this question goes…

Many AI companies are training their large language models (LLMs) on data without the permission of the copyright owners. The permissibility of doing so varies by jurisdiction: in countries like the EU and Japan, this is allowed under…

This PhD thesis investigates the societal impact of machine learning (ML). ML increasingly informs consequential decisions and recommendations, significantly affecting many aspects of our lives. As these data-driven systems are often…

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

The discourse on privacy risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) has disproportionately focused on verbatim memorization of training data, while a constellation of more immediate and scalable privacy threats remain underexplored. This…

Collaborative Machine Learning (CML) allows participants to jointly train a machine learning model while keeping their training data private. In many scenarios where CML is seen as the solution to privacy issues, such as health-related…

The deployment of biased machine learning (ML) models has resulted in adverse effects in crucial sectors such as criminal justice and healthcare. To address these challenges, a diverse range of machine learning fairness interventions have…

Machine learning (ML) has seen a significant surge and uptake across many diverse applications. The high flexibility, adaptability and computing capabilities it provides extends traditional approaches used in multiple fields including…

Machine learning (ML)-based solutions are rapidly changing the landscape of many fields, including structural engineering. Despite their promising performance, these approaches are usually only demonstrated as proof-of-concept in structural…

The collaborative efforts of large communities in science experiments, often comprising thousands of global members, reflect a monumental commitment to exploration and discovery. Recently, advanced and complex data processing has gained…

While machine learning (ML) systems have produced great advances in several domains, their use in support of complex cooperative work remains a research challenge. A particularly challenging setting, and one that may benefit from ML support…

Though ML practitioners increasingly employ various Responsible ML (RML) strategies, their methodological approach in practice is still unclear. In particular, the constraints, assumptions, and choices of practitioners with technical duties…

Much of current machine learning (ML) research has lost its connection to problems of import to the larger world of science and society. From this perspective, there exist glaring limitations in the data sets we investigate, the metrics we…