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Normalizing flows are deep generative models that enable efficient likelihood estimation and sampling through invertible transformations. A key challenge is to design linear layers that enhance expressiveness while maintaining efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuchen Feng , Siyu Liao

Automatic defect detection is a challenging task because of the variability in texture and type of fabric defects. An effective defect detection system enables manufacturers to improve the quality of processes and products. Automation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Samit Chakraborty , Marguerite Moore , Lisa Parrillo-Chapman

We tackle unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD), a problem of detecting data that significantly differ from normal data. UAD is typically solved by using density estimation. Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based density estimators, such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-14 Masataka Yamaguchi , Yuma Koizumi , Noboru Harada

Automatic detecting anomalous regions in images of objects or textures without priors of the anomalies is challenging, especially when the anomalies appear in very small areas of the images, making difficult-to-detect visual variations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jie Yang , Yong Shi , Zhiquan Qi

Anomaly detection refers to the task of finding unusual instances that stand out from the normal data. In several applications, these outliers or anomalous instances are of greater interest compared to the normal ones. Specifically in the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-14 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

Modern optical flow methods make use of salient scene feature points detected and matched within the scene as a basis for sparse-to-dense optical flow estimation. Current feature detectors however either give sparse, non uniform point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Felix Stephenson , Toby Breckon , Ioannis Katramados

The unsupervised visual inspection of defects in industrial products poses a significant challenge due to substantial variations in product surfaces. Current unsupervised models struggle to strike a balance between detecting texture and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Peng Wang , Haiming Yao , Wenyong Yu

To develop a machine sound monitoring system, a method for detecting anomalous sound is proposed. Exact likelihood estimation using Normalizing Flows is a promising technique for unsupervised anomaly detection, but it can fail at…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-17 Kota Dohi , Takashi Endo , Harsh Purohit , Ryo Tanabe , Yohei Kawaguchi

Super-resolution is an ill-posed problem, since it allows for multiple predictions for a given low-resolution image. This fundamental fact is largely ignored by state-of-the-art deep learning based approaches. These methods instead train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Andreas Lugmayr , Martin Danelljan , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte

Underwater Salient Object Detection (USOD) faces significant challenges, including underwater image quality degradation and domain gaps. Existing methods tend to ignore the physical principles of underwater imaging or simply treat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Runting Li , Shijie Lian , Hua Li , Yutong Li , Wenhui Wu , Sam Kwong

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification via prediction sets with exact finite-sample coverage. In low dimensions these sets are easy to interpret, but in high-dimensional or structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Trevor Harris

Modern Integrated-Circuit(IC) manufacturing introduces diverse, fine-grained defects that depress yield and reliability. Most industrial defect segmentation compares a test image against an external normal set, a strategy that is brittle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Botong Zhao , Qijun Shi , Shujing Lyu , Yue Lu

We propose Multiscale Flow, a generative Normalizing Flow that creates samples and models the field-level likelihood of two-dimensional cosmological data such as weak lensing. Multiscale Flow uses hierarchical decomposition of cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-16 Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

Recovering the camera motion and scene geometry from visual data is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision. Its success in standard vision is attributed to the maturity of feature extraction, data association and multi-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhongyang Ren , Bangyan Liao , Delei Kong , Jinghang Li , Peidong Liu , Laurent Kneip , Guillermo Gallego , Yi Zhou

This work presents DCFlow, a novel unsupervised cross-modal flow estimation framework that integrates a decoupled optimization strategy and a cross-modal consistency constraint. Unlike previous approaches that implicitly learn flow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Runmin Zhang , Jialiang Wang , Si-Yuan Cao , Zhu Yu , Junchen Yu , Guangyi Zhang , Hui-Liang Shen

Diffusion models have shown superior performance on unsupervised anomaly detection tasks. Since trained with normal data only, diffusion models tend to reconstruct normal counterparts of test images with certain noises added. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Hang Yao , Ming Liu , Haolin Wang , Zhicun Yin , Zifei Yan , Xiaopeng Hong , Wangmeng Zuo

Diffusion models have found valuable applications in anomaly detection by capturing the nominal data distribution and identifying anomalies via reconstruction. Despite their merits, they struggle to localize anomalies of varying scales,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Justin Tebbe , Jawad Tayyub

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ye Zheng , Xiang Wang , Rui Deng , Tianpeng Bao , Rui Zhao , Liwei Wu

Automatic defect detection for 3D printing processes, which shares many characteristics with change detection problems, is a vital step for quality control of 3D printed products. However, there are some critical challenges in the current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Yushuo Niu , Ethan Chadwick , Anson W. K. Ma , Qian Yang

This paper presents a novel method for detecting scene changes from a pair of images with a difference of camera viewpoints using a dense optical flow based change detection network. In the case that camera poses of input images are fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Ken Sakurada , Weimin Wang , Nobuo Kawaguchi , Ryosuke Nakamura