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In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

Despite a great deal of research, it is still unclear why neural networks are so susceptible to adversarial examples. In this work, we identify natural settings where depth-$2$ ReLU networks trained with gradient flow are provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Gal Vardi , Gilad Yehudai , Ohad Shamir

We study the implicit bias of the general family of steepest descent algorithms with infinitesimal learning rate in deep homogeneous neural networks. We show that: (a) an algorithm-dependent geometric margin starts increasing once the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Eitan Gronich , Julia Kempe , Gal Vardi

The generalization mystery of overparametrized deep nets has motivated efforts to understand how gradient descent (GD) converges to low-loss solutions that generalize well. Real-life neural networks are initialized from small random values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Kaifeng Lyu , Zhiyuan Li , Runzhe Wang , Sanjeev Arora

The implicit biases of gradient-based optimization algorithms are conjectured to be a major factor in the success of modern deep learning. In this work, we investigate the implicit bias of gradient flow and gradient descent in two-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro , Wei Hu

We study the implicit bias of gradient descent methods in solving a binary classification problem over a linearly separable dataset. The classifier is described by a nonlinear ReLU model and the objective function adopts the exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Tengyu Xu , Yi Zhou , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

Neural networks trained to minimize the logistic (a.k.a. cross-entropy) loss with gradient-based methods are observed to perform well in many supervised classification tasks. Towards understanding this phenomenon, we analyze the training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lenaic Chizat , Francis Bach

Linear classifiers and leaky ReLU networks trained by gradient flow on the logistic loss have an implicit bias towards solutions which satisfy the Karush--Kuhn--Tucker (KKT) conditions for margin maximization. In this work we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro

We study non-convex subgradient flows for training two-layer ReLU neural networks from a convex geometry and duality perspective. We characterize the implicit bias of unregularized non-convex gradient flow as convex regularization of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Yifei Wang , Mert Pilanci

In this paper, we study the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) points of the associated maximum-margin problem in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks. In particular, We investigates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiahan Zhang , Yaoyu Zhang , Tao Luo

The implicit bias towards solutions with favorable properties is believed to be a key reason why neural networks trained by gradient-based optimization can generalize well. While the implicit bias of gradient flow has been widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Quanquan Gu

Neural networks trained via gradient descent with random initialization and without any regularization enjoy good generalization performance in practice despite being highly overparametrized. A promising direction to explain this phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Hancheng Min , Salma Tarmoun , Rene Vidal , Enrique Mallada

In this paper, we study the optimality gap between two-layer ReLU networks regularized with weight decay and their convex relaxations. We show that when the training data is random, the relative optimality gap between the original problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Sungyoon Kim , Mert Pilanci

Given a training set, a loss function, and a neural network architecture, it is often taken for granted that optimal network parameters exist, and a common practice is to apply available optimization algorithms to search for them. In this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Quoc-Tung Le , Elisa Riccietti , Rémi Gribonval

In this work, we explore the maximum-margin bias of quasi-homogeneous neural networks trained with gradient flow on an exponential loss and past a point of separability. We introduce the class of quasi-homogeneous models, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Daniel Kunin , Atsushi Yamamura , Chao Ma , Surya Ganguli

The implicit bias induced by the training of neural networks has become a topic of rigorous study. In the limit of gradient flow and gradient descent with appropriate step size, it has been shown that when one trains a deep linear network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Thien Le , Stefanie Jegelka

We study the implicit bias of gradient flow (i.e., gradient descent with infinitesimal step size) on linear neural network training. We propose a tensor formulation of neural networks that includes fully-connected, diagonal, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Chulhee Yun , Shankar Krishnan , Hossein Mobahi

A new loss function is proposed for neural networks on classification tasks which extends the hinge loss by assigning gradients to its critical points. We will show that for a linear classifier on linearly separable data with fixed step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Justin Lizama

We study the conjectured relationship between the implicit regularization in neural networks, trained with gradient-based methods, and rank minimization of their weight matrices. Previously, it was proved that for linear networks (of depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Nadav Timor , Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

We study the implicit bias of momentum-based optimizers on smooth homogeneous models. We show that \textit{momentum steepest descent} algorithms like Muon (spectral norm), MomentumGD ($\ell_2$ norm), and Signum ($\ell_\infty$ norm) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Eitan Gronich , Gal Vardi
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