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Unsupervised learning has recently made exceptional progress because of the development of more effective contrastive learning methods. However, CNNs are prone to depend on low-level features that humans deem non-semantic. This dependency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Songwei Ge , Shlok Mishra , Haohan Wang , Chun-Liang Li , David Jacobs

Recently, contrastive learning has risen to be a promising approach for large-scale self-supervised learning. However, theoretical understanding of how it works is still unclear. In this paper, we propose a new guarantee on the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Yisen Wang , Jiansheng Yang , Zhouchen Lin

Contrastive learning applied to self-supervised representation learning has seen a resurgence in recent years, leading to state of the art performance in the unsupervised training of deep image models. Modern batch contrastive approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Prannay Khosla , Piotr Teterwak , Chen Wang , Aaron Sarna , Yonglong Tian , Phillip Isola , Aaron Maschinot , Ce Liu , Dilip Krishnan

Distribution shifts are problems where the distribution of data changes between training and testing, which can significantly degrade the performance of a model deployed in the real world. Recent studies suggest that one reason for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Takuro Kutsuna

Contrastive self-supervised learning has outperformed supervised pretraining on many downstream tasks like segmentation and object detection. However, current methods are still primarily applied to curated datasets like ImageNet. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wouter Van Gansbeke , Simon Vandenhende , Stamatios Georgoulis , Luc Van Gool

Contrastive representation learning (CRL) underpins many modern foundation models. Despite recent theoretical progress, existing analyses suffer from several key limitations: (i) the statistical consistency of CRL remains poorly understood;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuanfan Li , Xiyuan Wei , Tianbao Yang , Yiming Ying

Given a prediction task, understanding when one can and cannot design a consistent convex surrogate loss, particularly a low-dimensional one, is an important and active area of machine learning research. The prediction task may be given as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Jessie Finocchiaro , Rafael Frongillo , Bo Waggoner

Recently, self-supervised learning has attracted great attention, since it only requires unlabeled data for model training. Contrastive learning is one popular method for self-supervised learning and has achieved promising empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Weiran Huang , Mingyang Yi , Xuyang Zhao , Zihao Jiang

Structured prediction involves learning to predict complex structures rather than simple scalar values. The main challenge arises from the non-Euclidean nature of the output space, which generally requires relaxing the problem formulation.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-19 Junjie Yang , Matthieu Labeau , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Contrastive learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance in various self-supervised learning tasks and even outperforms its supervised counterpart. Despite its empirical success, theoretical understanding of the superiority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Wenlong Ji , Zhun Deng , Ryumei Nakada , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Contrastive learning relies on an assumption that positive pairs contain related views, e.g., patches of an image or co-occurring multimodal signals of a video, that share certain underlying information about an instance. But what if this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Ching-Yao Chuang , R Devon Hjelm , Xin Wang , Vibhav Vineet , Neel Joshi , Antonio Torralba , Stefanie Jegelka , Yale Song

Unsupervised contrastive learning has shown significant performance improvements in recent years, often approaching or even rivaling supervised learning in various tasks. However, its learning mechanism is fundamentally different from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yi-Ge Zhang , Jingyi Cui , Qiran Li , Yisen Wang

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable empirical success, often producing representations that rival supervised pre-training on downstream tasks. Recent theory explains this by showing that the CL loss closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Achleshwar Luthra , Priyadarsi Mishra , Tomer Galanti

A large-scale deep model pre-trained on massive labeled or unlabeled data transfers well to downstream tasks. Linear evaluation freezes parameters in the pre-trained model and trains a linear classifier separately, which is efficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chenyu Zheng , Guoqiang Wu , Fan Bao , Yue Cao , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

Self-supervised contrastive learning is a powerful tool to learn visual representation without labels. Prior work has primarily focused on evaluating the recognition accuracy of various pre-training algorithms, but has overlooked other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Yuanyi Zhong , Haoran Tang , Junkun Chen , Jian Peng , Yu-Xiong Wang

Contrastive learning is a highly effective method for learning representations from unlabeled data. Recent works show that contrastive representations can transfer across domains, leading to simple state-of-the-art algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Jeff Z. HaoChen , Colin Wei , Ananya Kumar , Tengyu Ma

Time-series representation learning can extract representations from data with temporal dynamics and sparse labels. When labeled data are sparse but unlabeled data are abundant, contrastive learning, i.e., a framework to learn a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Heejeong Choi , Pilsung Kang

Contrastive learning has been shown to produce generalizable representations of audio and visual data by maximizing the lower bound on the mutual information (MI) between different views of an instance. However, obtaining a tight lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Shuang Ma , Zhaoyang Zeng , Daniel McDuff , Yale Song

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on huge amounts of textual data, and concerns have been raised that the limits of such data may soon be reached. A potential solution is to train on synthetic data sampled from LLMs. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jannek Ulm , Kevin Du , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson

Recent contrastive methods show significant improvement in self-supervised learning in several domains. In particular, contrastive methods are most effective where data augmentation can be easily constructed e.g. in computer vision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Denis Gudovskiy , Kazuki Kozuka , Iku Ohama , Luca Rigazio