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Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

The nearing end of Moore's Law has been driving the development of domain-specific hardware tailored to solve a special set of problems. Along these lines, probabilistic computing with inherently stochastic building blocks (p-bits) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Navid Anjum Aadit , Andrea Grimaldi , Giovanni Finocchio , Kerem Y. Camsari

Many hard combinatorial problems can be mapped onto Ising models, which replicate the behavior of classical spins. Recent advances in probabilistic computers are characterized by parallelization and the introduction of novel hardware…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Andrew Rockovich , Gregory Lafyatis , Daniel J. Gauthier

Sparse tiling is a technique to fuse loops that access common data, thus increasing data locality. Unlike traditional loop fusion or blocking, the loops may have different iteration spaces and access shared datasets through indirect memory…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Fabio Luporini , Michael Lange , Christian T. Jacobs , Gerard J. Gorman , J. Ramanujam , Paul H. J. Kelly

Sparse Ising problems can be found in application areas such as logistics, condensed matter physics and training of deep Boltzmann networks, but can be very difficult to tackle with high efficiency and accuracy. This report presents new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Kenneth M. Zick

The slowing down of Moore's law has driven the development of unconventional computing paradigms, such as specialized Ising machines tailored to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we show a new application domain for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Shaila Niazi , Navid Anjum Aadit , Masoud Mohseni , Shuvro Chowdhury , Yao Qin , Kerem Y. Camsari

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a quantum-inspired computing platform that leverages optical parametric oscillation dynamics to solve combinatorial optimization problems by searching for the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Yan Chen Jiang , Lu Ma , Chuan Wang , Tie Jun Wang

In-memory computing (IMC) has been shown to be a promising approach for solving binary optimization problems while significantly reducing energy and latency. Building on the advantages of parallel computation, we propose an IMC-compatible…

Analog Ising machines (IMs) occupy an increasingly prominent area of computer architecture research, offering high-quality and low latency/energy solutions to intractable computing tasks. However, IMs have a fixed capacity, with little to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Matthew X. Burns , Michael C. Huang

Current algorithms for large-scale industrial optimization problems typically face a trade-off: they either require exponential time to reach optimal solutions, or employ problem-specific heuristics. To overcome these limitations, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Matteo Vandelli , Francesco Ferrari , Daniele Dragoni

Approximate computing emerges as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of compute-in-memory (CiM) systems in deep neural network processing. However, traditional approximate techniques often significantly trade off accuracy for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Wenlun Zhang , Shimpei Ando , Yung-Chin Chen , Satomi Miyagi , Shinya Takamaeda-Yamazaki , Kentaro Yoshioka

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

Emerging machine learning (ML) models (e.g., transformers) involve memory pin bandwidth-bound matrix-vector (MV) computation in inference. By avoiding pin crossings, processing in memory (PIM) can improve performance and energy for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mingxuan He , Mithuna Thottethodi , T. N. Vijaykumar

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) enables efficient sampling of low-lying energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian with all-to-all connectivity by encoding the spins in the amplitudes of pulsed modes in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Egor S. Tiunov , Alexander E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky

Computational workloads are growing exponentially, driving power consumption to unsustainable levels. Efficiently distributing large-scale networks is an NP-Complete problem equivalent to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), making it one of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Everest Bloomer , Irem Didin , Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

Sampling Boltzmann probability distributions plays a key role in machine learning and optimization, motivating the design of hardware accelerators such as Ising machines. While the Ising model can in principle encode arbitrary optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour , M Mahmudul Hasan Sajeeb , Joao P. Hespanha , Kerem Y. Camsari

Optimal MIMO detection has been one of the most challenging and computationally inefficient tasks in wireless systems. We show that the new analog computing techniques like Coherent Ising Machines (CIM) are promising candidates for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Kyle Jamieson , Davide Venturelli , Peter McMahon

Sparse compiler is a promising solution for sparse tensor algebra optimization. In compiler implementation, reduction in sparse-dense hybrid algebra plays a key role in performance. Though GPU provides various reduction semantics that can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Genghan Zhang , Yuetong Zhao , Yanting Tao , Zhongming Yu , Guohao Dai , Sitao Huang , Yuan Wen , Pavlos Petoumenos , Yu Wang

In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is NP-complete when it is both in NP and NP-hard. Although a solution to a NP-complete can be verified quickly, there is no known algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. There exists…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Wenxia Guo , Jin Wang , Majun He , Xiaoqin Ren , Wenhong Tian , Qingxian Wang