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Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) has recently gained immense interest due to its potential for sample efficiency and ability to incorporate off-policy data. However, designing stable and efficient MBRL algorithms using rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Aravind Rajeswaran , Igor Mordatch , Vikash Kumar

Markov decision processes (MDP) are a well-established model for sequential decision-making in the presence of probabilities. In robust MDP (RMDP), every action is associated with an uncertainty set of probability distributions, modelling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tobias Meggendorfer , Maximilian Weininger , Patrick Wienhöft

This paper investigates value function approximation in the context of zero-sum Markov games, which can be viewed as a generalization of the Markov decision process (MDP) framework to the two-agent case. We generalize error bounds from MDPs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Michail Lagoudakis , Ron Parr

In game theory and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), each agent selects a strategy, interacts with the environment and other agents, and subsequently updates its strategy based on the received payoff. This process generates a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yanqing Fu , Chao Huang , Chenrun Wang , Zhuping Wang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex problems through agents' cooperation and competition, finding widespread applications across domains. Despite its success, MARL faces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Baraah A. M. Sidahmed , Tatjana Chavdarova

Reinforcement learning has been successful both empirically and theoretically in single-agent settings, but extending these results to multi-agent reinforcement learning in general-sum Markov games remains challenging. This paper studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Narim Jeong , Donghwan Lee

This paper introduces a new approach for approximating the learning dynamics of multiple reinforcement learning (RL) agents interacting in a finite-state Markov game. The idea is to rescale the learning process by simultaneously reducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-27 Yann Kerzreho

Recent advancements in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have demonstrated its application potential in modern games. Beginning with foundational work and progressing to landmark achievements such as AlphaStar in StarCraft II and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Zhengyang Li , Qijin Ji , Xinghong Ling , Quan Liu

We study distributionally robust Markov games (DR-MGs) with the average-reward criterion, a framework for multi-agent decision-making under uncertainty over extended horizons. In average reward DR-MGs, agents aim to maximize their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Zachary Roch , Yue Wang

Reinforcement learning for multi-agent games has attracted lots of attention recently. However, given the challenge of solving Nash equilibria for large population games, existing works with guaranteed polynomial complexities either focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang

One of the challenges for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is designing efficient learning algorithms for a large system in which each agent has only limited or partial information of the entire system. While exciting progress has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xiaoli Wei , Renyuan Xu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved notable success in cooperative tasks, demonstrating impressive performance and scalability. However, deploying MARL agents in real-world applications presents critical safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zeyang Li , Navid Azizan

This paper investigates the model-based methods in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We specify the dynamics sample complexity and the opponent sample complexity in MARL, and conduct a theoretic analysis of return discrepancy upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Weinan Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Jian Shen , Ming Zhou

Zero-shot coordination problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), which requires agents to adapt to unseen agents, has attracted increasing attention. Traditional approaches often rely on the Self-Play (SP) framework to generate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Weifan Long , Wen Wen , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

We characterize offline data poisoning attacks on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), where an attacker may change a data set in an attempt to install a (potentially fictitious) unique Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium for a two-player…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Young Wu , Jeremy McMahan , Xiaojin Zhu , Qiaomin Xie

Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MAIRL) aims to recover agent reward functions from expert demonstrations. We characterize the feasible reward set in Markov games, identifying all reward functions that rationalize a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Till Freihaut , Giorgia Ramponi

In the last decade, there have been significant advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) but there are still numerous challenges, such as high sample complexity and slow convergence to stable policies, that need to be overcome…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Kate Larson , Mark Crowley

Existing studies on provably efficient algorithms for Markov games (MGs) almost exclusively build on the "optimism in the face of uncertainty" (OFU) principle. This work focuses on a different approach of posterior sampling, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Wei Xiong , Han Zhong , Chengshuai Shi , Cong Shen , Tong Zhang

Traditional mean-field game (MFG) solvers operate on an instance-by-instance basis, which becomes infeasible when many related problems must be solved (e.g., for seeking a robust description of the solution under perturbations of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Dena Firoozi , Anastasis Kratsios , Xuwei Yang

Learning problems commonly exhibit an interesting feedback mechanism wherein the population data reacts to competing decision makers' actions. This paper formulates a new game theoretic framework for this phenomenon, called "multi-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Adhyyan Narang , Evan Faulkner , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy , Maryam Fazel , Lillian J. Ratliff