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In this paper, we study the regularity assumptions commonly adopted in bilevel optimization with constrained lower-level problems, including the linear independence constraint qualification, the strict complementary slackness condition, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Xiaotian Jiang , Chang He , Mingyi Hong , Shuzhong Zhang

A standard approach to solving optimistic bilevel linear programs (BLPs) is to replace the lower-level problem with its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions and reformulate the resulting complementarity constraints using auxiliary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Sergey S. Ketkov , Oleg A. Prokopyev

Integrated learning and optimization (ILO) is a framework in contextual optimization which aims to train a predictive model for the probability distribution of the underlying problem data uncertainty, with the goal of enhancing the quality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Yuan Tao , Huifu Xu

We consider a bilevel optimization approach in function space for the choice of spatially dependent regularization parameters in TV image restoration models. First- and second-order optimality conditions for the bilevel problem are studied,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-18 C. Chung , J. C. De los Reyes , C. B. Schoenlieb

In this paper, we study the mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) formulated as a mathematical program with a parametric generalized equation involving the regular normal cone. We derive a new necessary optimality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Helmut Gfrerer , Jane J. Ye

This paper provides necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for abstract constrained mathematical programming problems in locally convex spaces under new qualification conditions. Our approach exploits the geometrical properties of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-10 Rafael Correa , Marco A. López , Pedro Pérez-Aros

Many optimization problems require hyperparameters, i.e., parameters that must be pre-specified in advance, such as regularization parameters and parametric regularizers in variational regularization methods for inverse problems, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Silvia Gazzola , Sebastian J. Scott

We consider a smooth pessimistic bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level problem is convex and satisfies the Slater constraint qualification. These assumptions ensure that the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) reformulation of our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Imane Benchouk , Lateef Jolaoso , Khadra Nachi , Alain Zemkoho

One fundamental problem when solving inverse problems is how to find regularization parameters. This article considers solving this problem using data-driven bilevel optimization, i.e. we consider the adaptive learning of the regularization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Neil K. Chada , Claudia Schillings , Xin T. Tong , Simon Weissmann

We introduce a unified framework based on bi-level optimization schemes to deal with parameter learning in the context of image processing. The goal is to identify the optimal regularizer within a family depending on a parameter in a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-09-15 Elisa Davoli , Rita Ferreira , Carolin Kreisbeck , Hidde Schönberger

We present a systematic introduction to first-order optimality conditions for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs), emphasizing the limitations of classical nonlinear programming techniques. The goal is twofold. First,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Louis Shuo Wang

Bilevel programming has emerged as a valuable tool for hyperparameter selection, a central concern in machine learning. In a recent study by Ye et al. (2023), a value function-based difference of convex algorithm was introduced to address…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Lucy L. Gao , Jane J. Ye , Haian Yin , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

This study explores B-stationarity of mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCCs) and convergence behavior of MPCC algorithms. Special attention is given to the cases with biactive complementarity constraints. First, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Kexin Wang , Lorenz T. Biegler

Second-order optimality conditions of the bilevel programming problems are dependent on the second-order directional derivatives of the value functions or the solution mappings of the lower level problems under some regular conditions,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Xiang Liu , Mengwei Xu , Liwei Zhang

In recent years, bilevel approaches have become very popular to efficiently estimate high-dimensional hyperparameters of machine learning models. However, to date, binary parameters are handled by continuous relaxation and rounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Sara Venturini , Marianna de Santis , Jordan Patracone , Francesco Rinaldi , Saverio Salzo , Martin Schmidt

We consider nonlinear optimization problems with cardinality constraints. Based on a continuous reformulation we introduce second order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Under such a second order condition, we can guarantee…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-06 Max Bucher , Alexandra Schwartz

Second-order optimality conditions are essential for nonsmooth optimization, where both the objective and constraint functions are Lipschitz continuous and second-order directionally differentiable. This paper provides no-gap second-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Xiang Liu , Mengwei Xu , Liwei Zhang

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

Sparsity constrained minimization captures a wide spectrum of applications in both machine learning and signal processing. This class of problems is difficult to solve since it is NP-hard and existing solutions are primarily based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Ganzhao Yuan , Bernard Ghanem

We show that a special class of (nonconvex) NMPC problems admits an exact solution by reformulating them as a finite number of convex subproblems, extending previous results to the multi-input case. Our approach is applicable to a special…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Manuel Klädtke , Moritz Schulze Darup