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More than a half of asteroids in the main belt have irregular shapes with the ratios of the minor to major axis lengths less than 0.6. One of the mechanisms to create such shapes is collisions between asteroids. The relationship between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

We employ an efficient numerical approach to simulate a stationary distribution of test objects, which results from their gravitational scattering on the four giant planets, with accounting for effects of mean motion resonances. Using the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Leonid M. Ozernoy , Nikolai N. Gor'kavyi , Tatiana Taidakova

The existence of extremely wide binaries in the low-inclination component of the Kuiper Belt provides a unique handle on the dynamical history of this population. Some popular frameworks of the formation of the Kuiper Belt suggest that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Alex H. Parker , JJ Kavelaars

This chapter concerns the long-term dynamical evolution of planetary systems from both theoretical and observational perspectives. We begin by discussing the planet-planet interactions that take place within our own Solar System. We then…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Melvyn B. Davies , Fred C. Adams , Philip Armitage , John Chambers , Eric Ford , Alessandro Morbidelli , Sean N. Raymond , Dimitri Veras

The giant impact phase of terrestrial planet formation establishes connections between super-Earths' orbital properties (semimajor axis spacings, eccentricities, mutual inclinations) and interior compositions (the presence or absence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-09 Rebekah I. Dawson , Eve J. Lee , Eugene Chiang

For problems in astrophysics, planetary science and beyond, numerical simulations are often limited to simulating fewer particles than in the real system. To model collisions, the simulated particles (aka superparticles) need to be inflated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 David Nesvorny , Andrew N. Youdin , Raphael Marschall , Derek C. Richardson

The abundances of elements in the Earth and the terrestrial planets provide the initial conditions for life and clues as to the history and formation of the Solar System. We follow the pioneering work of Bond et al. (2010) and combine…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Sebastian Elser , Michael R. Meyer , Ben Moore

We investigate the effects of a passing stellar encounter on a planetesimal disk through analytical calculations and numerical simulations, and derive the boundary radius ($a_{\rm planet}$) outside which planet formation is inhibited by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shigeru Ida

Stars do not form in isolation but together with other stars, and often in a clustered environment. Depending on the initial conditions in these environments, such as initial density and substructure, the distances of encounters between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-01 Christina Schoettler , James E. Owen

We study how close passages of interstellar objects of planetary and substellar masses may affect the immediate and long-term dynamics of the Solar system. We consider two nominal approach orbits, namely, the orbits of actual interstellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-13 Denis V. Mikryukov , Ivan I. Shevchenko

Mean motion commensurabilities in multi-planet systems are an expected outcome of protoplanetary disk-driven migration, and their relative dearth in the observational data presents an important challenge to current models of planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Konstantin Batygin , Fred C. Adams

The orbital evolution of about 20000 Jupiter-crossing objects and 1500 resonant asteroids under the gravitational influence of planets was investigated. The rate of their collisions with the terrestrial planets was estimated by computing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-01 S. I. Ipatov , J. C. Mather

Stellar flybys in star clusters are suspected to affect the orbital architecture of planetary systems causing eccentricity excitation and orbital misalignment between the planet orbit and the equatorial plane of the star. We explore whether…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Giovanni Picogna , Francesco Marzari

We investigate the distributions of the orbital period ratios of adjacent planets in high multiplicity \kepler\ systems (four or more planets) and low multiplicity systems (two planets). Modeling the low multiplicity sample as essentially…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Jason H. Steffen

Giant impacts by comets and asteroids have probably had an important influence on terrestrial biological evolution. We know of around 180 high velocity impact craters on the Earth with ages up to 2400Myr and diameters up to 300km. Some…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 C. A. L. Bailer-Jones

It has long been assumed that the planet Jupiter acts as a giant shield, significantly lowering the impact rate of small bodies on the Earth. However, until recently, very little work had been carried out examining the role played by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 J Horner , B W Jones , J Chambers

About 10% of the observed asteroids have rotational periods lower than P = 3 h and they seem to be relatively close to the spin barrier. Yet, the rotation has often been neglected in simulations of asteroid collisions. To determine the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 P. Ševeček , M. Brož , M. Jutzi

NASA's Kepler mission discovered $\sim700$ planets in multi-planet systems containing 3 or more transiting bodies, many of which are super-Earths and mini-Neptunes in compact configurations. Using $N$-body simulations, we examine the in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Sanson T. S. Poon , Richard P. Nelson , Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli

A large fraction of stars are formed in dense clusters. In the cluster, close encounters between stars at distances less than 100 au are common. It has been shown that during close encounters planets can transfer between stars. Such…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-12 Giorgi Kokaia , Melvyn B. Davies , Alexander J. Mustill

Numerous exoplanets with masses ranging from Earth to Neptune and radii larger than Earth have been found through observations. These planets possess atmospheres that range in mass fractions from 1% to 30%, reflecting the diversity of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 Kenji Kurosaki , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka