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We present the results of planet formation N-body simulations based on a comprehensive physical model that includes planetary mass growth through mutual embryo collisions and planetesimal/boulder accretion, viscous disc evolution, planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-17 Gavin A. L. Coleman , Richard P. Nelson

Planetary rings are ubiquitous structure in our Solar System, but their formation mechanisms remain under debate. One of the proposed scenarios is the tidal disruption of a nearby passing body that enters within a planet's Roche limit,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Naoya Torii , Shigeru Ida , Ryuki Hyodo

Planet-planet collisions are a common outcome of instability in systems of transiting planets close to the star, as well as occurring during in-situ formation of such planets from embryos. Previous N-body studies of instability amongst…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Alexander J Mustill , Melvyn B Davies , Anders Johansen

The discovery of binaries in each of the major populations of minor bodies in the solar system is propelling a rapid growth of heretofore unattainable physical information. The availability of mass and density constraints for minor bodies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Keith S. Noll

Asteroids are leftover pieces from the era of planet formation that help us understand conditions in the early Solar System. Unlike larger planetary bodies that were subject to global thermal modification during and subsequent to their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Kevin J. Walsh , Patrick Michel , Derek C. Richardson

We study the efficiency of forming large bodies, starting from a sea of equal-sized planetesimals. This is likely one of the earlier steps of planet formation and relevant for the formation of the asteroid belt, the Kuiper belt and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-04 Andrew Shannon , Yanqin Wu , Yoram Lithwick

Our knowledge of the strengths of small bodies in the Solar System is limited by our poor understanding of their internal structures, and this, in turn, clouds our understanding of the formation and evolution of these bodies. Observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-24 Ronald-Louis Ballouz , Derek C Richardson , Patrick Michel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Yang Yu

Planetary systems with sufficiently small orbital spacings can experience planetary mergers and ejections. The branching ratio of mergers vs ejections depends sensitively on the treatment of planetary close encounters. Previous works have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-16 Jiaru Li , Dong Lai , Kassandra R. Anderson , Bonan Pu

The dynamics of planetesimals plays an important role in planet formation, because their velocity distribution sets the growth rate to larger bodies. When planetesimals form in protoplanetary discs, their orbits are nearly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Sebastian Lorek , Anders Johansen

The final stage of planet formation is dominated by collisions between planetary embryos. The dynamics of this stage determine the orbital configuration and the mass and composition of planets in the system. In the solar system, late giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Robert A. Marcus , Sarah T. Stewart , Dimitar Sasselov , Lars Hernquist

Erosive collisions among planetary embryos in the inner solar system can lead to multiple remnant bodies, varied in mass, composition and residual velocity. Some of the smaller, unbound debris may become available to seed the main asteroid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-02 Gal Sarid , Sarah T. Stewart , Zoe M. Leinhardt

We calculate the expected flux profile of comets into the planetary system from the Oort cloud arising from Galactic tides and encounters with molecular clouds. We find that both periodic and sporadic bombardment episodes, with amplitudes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. T. Wickramasinghe , W. M. Napier

This chapter summarizes analytic theory and numerical calculations for the formation and collisional evolution of KBOs at 20--150 AU. We describe the main predictions of a baseline self-stirring model and show how dynamical perturbations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley , David P. O'Brien , Donald R. Davis

Giant planet migration appears widespread among planetary systems in our Galaxy. However, the timescales of this process, which reflect the underlying dynamical mechanisms, are not well constrained, even within the solar system. Since…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-16 Graham Harper Edwards , C. Brenhin Keller , Elisabeth R. Newton , Cameron W. Stewart

Planetary systems with more than two bodies will experience orbital crossings at a time related to the initial orbital separations of the planets. After a crossing, the system enters a period of chaotic evolution ending in the reshaping of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-19 David R. Rice , Frederic A. Rasio , Jason H. Steffen

The paper discusses a model of the bombardment of the Earth and the Moon by small bodies when these planets were formed. It is shown that the total ice mass delivered with the bodies to the Earth from the feeding zone of the giant planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-14 M. Ya. Marov , S. I. Ipatov

In the standard formation models of terrestrial planets in the solar system and close-in super-Earths in non-resonant orbits recently discovered by exoplanet observations, planets are formed by giant impacts of protoplanets or planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Eiichiro Kokubo , Haruka Hoshino , Yuji Matsumoto , Re'em Sari

The solar system's dynamical state can be explained by an orbital instability among the giant planets. A recent model has proposed that the giant planet instability happened during terrestrial planet formation. This scenario has been shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers , Kevin J. Walsh

Planetesimals in the primordial disc may have experienced a collisional cascade. If so, the comet nuclei later placed in the Kuiper belt, scattered disc, and Oort Cloud would primarily be fragments and collisional rubble piles from that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-20 Björn J. R. Davidsson

We develop a formalism for calculating probabilities for the outcomes of stellar dynamical interactions, based on results from $N$-body scattering experiments. We focus here on encounters involving up to six particles and calculate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Nathan W. C. Leigh , Aaron M. Geller