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Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is central to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks with verifiable rewards. However, standard token-level PPO struggles in this setting due to the instability of temporal credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Tianyi Wang , Yixia Li , Long Li , Yibiao Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

The multi-level hp-refinement scheme is a powerful extension of the finite element method that allows local mesh adaptation without the trouble of constraining hanging nodes. This is achieved through hierarchical high-order overlay meshes,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 John N. Jomo , Nils Zander , Mohamed Elhaddad , Ali Özcan , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ralf-Peter Mundani , Ernst Rank

Trajectory optimization is the core of modern model-based robotic control and motion planning. Existing trajectory optimizers, based on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) or differential dynamic programming (DDP), are often limited by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haizhou Zhao , Ludovic Righetti , Majid Khadiv

In (Franceschi et al., 2018) we proposed a unified mathematical framework, grounded on bilevel programming, that encompasses gradient-based hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. We formulated an approximate version of the problem…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Luca Franceschi , Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Paolo Frasconi

Computer vision is experiencing an AI renaissance, in which machine learning models are expediting important breakthroughs in academic research and commercial applications. Effectively training these models, however, is not trivial due in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Jeff Kinnison , Nathaniel Kremer-Herman , Douglas Thain , Walter Scheirer

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

The number of parameters in large-scale language models based on transformers is gradually increasing, and the scale of computing clusters is also growing. The technology of quickly mobilizing large amounts of computing resources for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zongbiao Li , Xiezhao Li , Yinghao Cui , Yijun Chen , Zhixuan Gu , Yuxuan Liu , Wenbo Zhu , Fei Jia , Ke Liu , Qifeng Li , Junyao Zhan , Jiangtao Zhou , Chenxi Zhang , Qike Liu

Hyperparameter tuning is a fundamental aspect of machine learning research. Setting up the infrastructure for systematic optimization of hyperparameters can take a significant amount of time. Here, we present PyHopper, a black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mathias Lechner , Ramin Hasani , Philipp Neubauer , Sophie Neubauer , Daniela Rus

Scaling long-context capabilities is crucial for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, real-world multimodal datasets are extremely heterogeneous. Existing training frameworks predominantly rely on static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yifan Niu , Han Xiao , Dongyi Liu , Wei Zhou , Jia Li

On High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, several hyperparameter configurations can be evaluated in parallel to speed up the Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) process. State-of-the-art HPO methods follow a bandit-based approach and build…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Marcel Aach , Rakesh Sarma , Helmut Neukirchen , Morris Riedel , Andreas Lintermann

It is a challenging task to train large DNN models on sophisticated GPU platforms with diversified interconnect capabilities. Recently, pipelined training has been proposed as an effective approach for improving device utilization. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Shiqing Fan , Yi Rong , Chen Meng , Zongyan Cao , Siyu Wang , Zhen Zheng , Chuan Wu , Guoping Long , Jun Yang , Lixue Xia , Lansong Diao , Xiaoyong Liu , Wei Lin

The Hiperwalk package is designed to facilitate the simulation of quantum walks using heterogeneous high-performance computing, taking advantage of the parallel processing power of diverse processors such as CPUs, GPUs, and acceleration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Paulo Motta , Gustavo A. Bezerra , Anderson F. P. Santos , Renato Portugal

Parameter updating is an important stage in parallelism-based distributed deep learning. Synchronous methods are widely used in distributed training the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). To reduce the communication and synchronization overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Qing Ye , Yuxuan Han , Yanan sun , JIancheng Lv

Current inference systems for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models primarily employ static parallelization strategies. However, these static approaches cannot consistently achieve optimal performance across different inference scenarios, as they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Haoran Lin , Xianzhi Yu , Kang Zhao , Han Bao , Zongyuan Zhan , Ting Hu , Wulong Liu , Zekun Yin , Xin Li , Weiguo Liu

The Hybrid Genetic Optimisation framework (HYGO) is introduced to meet the pressing need for efficient and unified optimisation frameworks that support both parametric and functional learning in complex engineering problems. Evolutionary…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Isaac Robledo , Yiqing Li , Guy Y. Cornejo Maceda , Rodrigo Castellanos

The performance of fine-tuning pre-trained language models largely depends on the hyperparameter configuration. In this paper, we investigate the performance of modern hyperparameter optimization methods (HPO) on fine-tuning pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Xueqing Liu , Chi Wang

Recently, remarkable progress has been made in large-scale pre-trained model tuning, and inference efficiency is becoming more crucial for practical deployment. Early exiting in conjunction with multi-stage predictors, when cooperated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Liwei Luo , Shuaitengyuan Li , Dongwei Ren , Qilong Wang , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

Hyperparameters play a critical role in the performances of many machine learning methods. Determining their best settings or Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) faces difficulties presented by the large number of hyperparameters as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-21 Yang Yang , Ke Deng , Michael Zhu

This paper presents a novel methodology that uses surrogate models in the form of neural networks to reduce the computation time of simulation-based optimization of a reference trajectory. Simulation-based optimization is necessary when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-31 Evelyn Ruff , Rebecca Russell , Matthew Stoeckle , Piero Miotto , Jonathan P. How

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is a promising framework for learning control in a data-efficient manner. MBRL algorithms can be fairly complex due to the separate dynamics modeling and the subsequent planning algorithm, and as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Baohe Zhang , Raghu Rajan , Luis Pineda , Nathan Lambert , André Biedenkapp , Kurtland Chua , Frank Hutter , Roberto Calandra