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We consider a quantum quench in a finite system of length $L$ described by a 1+1-dimensional CFT, of central charge $c$, from a state with finite energy density corresponding to an inverse temperature $\beta\ll L$. For times $t$ such that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-11 John Cardy

While quantum measurements have been shown to constitute a resource for operating quantum thermal machines, the nature of the energy exchanges involved in the interaction between system and measurement apparatus is still under debate. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Cyril Elouard , Sreenath K. Manikandan , Andrew N. Jordan , Geraldine Haack

Constructing a thermodynamic framework for nonequilibrium systems remains a major challenge, as quantities such as temperature and free energy often become ambiguous when inferred solely from steady-state properties. Here we take a…

All physical theories should obey the second law of thermodynamics. However, existing proposals to describe the dynamics of hybrid classical-quantum systems either violate the second law or lack a proof of its existence. Here we rectify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Isaac Layton , Harry J. D. Miller

We introduce a quantum stochastic dynamics for heat conduction. A multi-level subsystem is coupled to reservoirs at different temperatures. Energy quanta are detected in the reservoirs allowing the study of steady state fluctuations of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

Exact numerical results for the full counting statistics (FCS) of a one-dimensional tight-binding model of noninteracting electrons are presented at finite temperatures using an identity recently presented by Abanov and Ivanov. A similar…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 K. Schönhammer

The ideas of thermodynamics have proved fruitful in the setting of quantum information theory, in particular the notion that when the allowed transformations of a system are restricted, certain states of the system become useful resources…

We develop a comprehensive framework for characterizing fluctuations in quantum transport and nonequilibrium thermodynamics using two complementary approaches: full counting statistics and first-passage times. Focusing on open quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-12 Paul Menczel , Christian Flindt , Fredrik Brange , Franco Nori , Clemens Gneiting

The deterministic and time-reversal symmetric dynamics of isolated quantum systems is at odds with irreversible equilibration observed in generic thermodynamic systems. Standard approaches at a reconciliation employ subjective restrictions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Aritro Mukherjee

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of…

We investigate non-equilibrium transport of charge and heat through an interacting quantum dot coupled to a finite electron reservoir. Both the quantum dot and the finite reservoir are coupled to conventional electric contacts, i.e.,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Stephanie Matern , Saulo V. Moreira , Peter Samuelsson , Martin Leijnse

We study nonequilibrium thermodynamics in a fermionic resonant level model with arbitrary coupling strength to a fermionic bath, taking the wide-band limit. In contrast to previous theories, we consider a system where both the level energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 Patrick Haughian , Massimiliano Esposito , Thomas L. Schmidt

Understanding how macroscopic systems exhibit irreversible thermal behavior has been a long-standing challenge, first brought to prominence by Boltzmann. Recent advances have established rigorous conditions for isolated quantum systems to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 M. R. Passos , Thiago R. de Oliveira

Heat flow between a large ``bath'' and a smaller system brings them progressively closer to thermal equilibrium while increasing their entropy. Deviations from this trend are fluctuations involving a small fraction of a statistical ensemble…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-15 Noam Erez , Goren Gordon , Mathias Nest , Gershon Kurizki

We study the transition probabilities of a two-point measurement on a quantum system, initially prepared in a thermal state. We find two independent constraints on the difference between transition probabilities when the system is prepared…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Ludovico Tesser , Matteo Acciai , Christian Spånslätt , Inès Safi , Janine Splettstoesser

We study the thermodynamics of quantum projective measurements by using the set up for the Jarzynski equality. We prove the fluctuations of energy change induced by measurements satisfy the Jarzynski equality, revealing that the quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-31 Juyeon Yi , Yong Woon Kim

A large class of isolated quantum system in a pure state can equilibrate and serve as a heat bath. We show that once the equilibrium is reached, any of its subsystems that is much smaller than the isolated system is thermalized such that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-13 Quntao Zhuang , Biao Wu

We consider open quantum systems weakly coupled to thermal reservoirs and subjected to quantum feedback operations triggered with or without delay by monitored quantum jumps. We establish a thermodynamic description of such system and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-16 Philipp Strasberg , Gernot Schaller , Tobias Brandes , Massimiliano Esposito

We derive the fluctuation theorem for a stochastic and periodically driven system coupled to two reservoirs with the aid of a master equation. We write down the cumulant generating functions for both the current and entropy production in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-26 Kazutaka Takahashi , Yuki Hino , Keisuke Fujii , Hisao Hayakawa

We formalize and prove the extension to finite temperature of a class of quantum phase transitions, acting as condensations in the space of states, recently introduced and discussed at zero temperature~(Ostilli and Presilla 2021 \textit{J.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Massimo Ostilli , Carlo Presilla
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