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This paper deals with two main issues regarding the short polar codes: the potential of FEC-assisted decoding and optimal code concatenation strategies under various design scenarios. Code concatenation and FEC-assisted decoding are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Mohammad Sadegh Mohammadi , Eryk Dutkiewicz , Qi Zhang

Attribute-efficient PAC learning of sparse halfspaces has been a fundamental problem in machine learning theory. In recent years, machine learning algorithms are faced with prevalent data corruptions or even malicious attacks. It is of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shiwei Zeng , Jie Shen

In this paper, we use reinforcement learning to find effective decoding strategies for binary linear codes. We start by reviewing several iterative decoding algorithms that involve a decision-making process at each step, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Fabrizio Carpi , Christian Häger , Marco Martalò , Riccardo Raheli , Henry D. Pfister

The choice of a proper learning rate is paramount for good Artificial Neural Network training and performance. In the past, one had to rely on experience and trial-and-error to find an adequate learning rate. Presently, a plethora of state…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Pedro Carvalho , Nuno Lourenço , Filipe Assunção , Penousal Machado

Modern tasks in reinforcement learning have large state and action spaces. To deal with them efficiently, one often uses predefined feature mapping to represent states and actions in a low-dimensional space. In this paper, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Dongruo Zhou , Jiafan He , Quanquan Gu

Standard supervised classification trains models to imitate the exact labels provided by a perfect oracle. This imitation happens in a single pass, restricting the model to a fixed compute budget even when inputs vary in complexity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Mahdi Kallel , Johannes Tölle , Ahmed Hendawy , Carlo D'Eramo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Recently, Ar{\i}kan introduced the method of channel polarization on which one can construct efficient capacity-achieving codes, called polar codes, for any binary discrete memoryless channel. In the thesis, we show that decoding algorithm…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-19 Ryuhei Mori

We study the problem of PAC learning one-hidden-layer ReLU networks with $k$ hidden units on $\mathbb{R}^d$ under Gaussian marginals in the presence of additive label noise. For the case of positive coefficients, we give the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Vasilis Kontonis , Nikos Zarifis

Reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning policies that can solve complex problems. However, manually specifying a good reward function can be difficult, especially for intricate tasks. Inverse reinforcement learning offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Peter Henderson , Wei-Di Chang , Pierre-Luc Bacon , David Meger , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

We propose and study a new model for reinforcement learning with rich observations, generalizing contextual bandits to sequential decision making. These models require an agent to take actions based on observations (features) with the goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Akshay Krishnamurthy , Alekh Agarwal , John Langford

A pruned variant of polar coding is reinvented for all binary erasure channels. For small $\varepsilon>0$, we construct codes with block length $\varepsilon^{-5}$, code rate $\text{Capacity}-\varepsilon$, error probability $\varepsilon$,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Hsin-Po Wang , Iwan Duursma

While recent progress in deep reinforcement learning has enabled robots to learn complex behaviors, tasks with long horizons and sparse rewards remain an ongoing challenge. In this work, we propose an effective reward shaping method through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Xingyu Lu , Stas Tiomkin , Pieter Abbeel

In this paper, we study a class of spatially coupled turbo codes, namely partially information- and partially parity-coupled turbo codes. This class of codes enjoy several advantages such as flexible code rate adjustment by varying the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Min Qiu , Xiaowei Wu , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Jinhong Yuan

High-dimensional measurements are often correlated which motivates their approximation by factor models. This holds also true when features are engineered via low-dimensional interactions or kernel tricks. This often results in over…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xiaonan Zhu , Bingyan Wang , Jianqing Fan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning effective policies from fixed datasets without any environment interaction. Existing methods typically employ policy constraints to mitigate the distribution shift encountered during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tan Jing , Xiaorui Li , Chao Yao , Xiaojuan Ban , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu , Zhaolin Yuan

Polar codes are a class of capacity-achieving error correcting codes that have been selected for use in enhanced mobile broadband in the 3GPP 5th generation (5G) wireless standard. Most polar code research examines the original Arikan polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Adam Cavatassi , Thibaud Tonnellier , Warren J. Gross

We present an algorithm for local, regularized, policy improvement in reinforcement learning (RL) that allows us to formulate model-based and model-free variants in a single framework. Our algorithm can be interpreted as a natural extension…

Polar codes are the first error-correcting code proven to achieve channel capacity based on infinite code length. The Successive Cancellation List Flip (SCLF) decoding algorithm was proposed by flipping an erroneous bit during the next…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Fu-Siang Liang , Shan Lu , Yeong-Luh Ueng

Polar codes are high density parity check codes and hence the sparse factor graph, instead of the parity check matrix, has been used to practically represent an LP polytope for LP decoding. Although LP decoding on this polytope has the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-30 Veeresh Taranalli , Paul H. Siegel