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Although cognitive science has discovered several methods for increasing the learning of complex skills, such as physics problem solving, detailed examination of verbal protocols suggests there is still room for improvement. Basically,…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-09-29 Robert G. M. Hausmann , Brett van de Sande , Kurt VanLehn

Despite the recognition that reflection is an essential part of problem solving, it is often not emphasized in upper-division physics courses. In this paper, we discuss homework corrections (HWCs) as a pedagogical tool to motivate…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-03-26 Molly Griston , Bethany R. Wilcox

Metacognition is an important aspect in creative problem solving (CPS) and through this chapter we analyse the meta-reasoning aspects applied in the different processes of monitoring the progress of learners' reasoning and CPS activities.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Margarida Romero , George Kalmpourtzis

Self-reflection is important metacognitive skill, enabling students to build coherence into their learning and embed content in a broader context. While various pedagogical techniques exist to encourage student reflection, little research…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-10-17 Amanda Matheson , Laura Wood , Scott V. Franklin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, and as existing approaches for enhancing LLM reasoning continue to mature, increasing attention has shifted toward meta-reasoning as a promising direction for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziqing Zhuang , Linhai Zhang , Jiasheng Si , Deyu Zhou , Yulan He

Cognitive and metacognitive strategy had demonstrated a significant role in self-regulated learning (SRL), and an appropriate use of strategies is beneficial to effective learning or question-solving tasks during a human-computer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Feng Tian , Jia Yue , Kuo-ming Chao , Buyue Qian , Nazaraf Shah , Longzhuang Li , Haiping Zhu , Yan Chen , Bin Zeng , Qinghua Zheng

Recent curriculum techniques in the post-training stage of LLMs have been empirically observed to outperform non-curriculum approaches in improving reasoning performance, yet a principled understanding of their effectiveness and limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dake Bu , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Atsushi Nitanda , Hau-San Wong , Qingfu Zhang , Taiji Suzuki

One of the capabilities which 21st-century skill compulsory a person is critical thinking and problem-solving skill that becomes top positions rank. Focus on problem-solving skills can be taught to a child, especially begun in elementary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Andik Asmara

Generative AI is disrupting computing education. Most interventions focus on teaching GenAI use rather than helping students understand how AI changes their programming process. We designed and deployed a novel comparative video reflection…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sarah "Magz" Fernandez , Greg L Nelson

While large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential across various domains, their applications in robotics remain largely limited to static prompt-based behaviors and still face challenges in complex tasks under zero-shot or…

We examine whether data generated by explanation techniques, which promote a process of self-reflection, can improve classifier performance. Our work is based on the idea that humans have the ability to make quick, intuitive decisions as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Johannes Schneider , Michalis Vlachos

We continuously interact with computerized systems to achieve goals and perform tasks in our personal and professional lives. Therefore, the ability to program such systems is a skill needed by everyone. Consequently, computational thinking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Christopher Pyles , Francois van Schalkwyk , Gerard J. Gorman , Marijan Beg , Lee Stott , Nir Levy , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Transfer of learning is an important objective of education. However, students usually have difficulties in solving physics transfer tasks even after having solved similar problems previously. We investigated if instruction provided using…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-01-18 Tianlong Zu , Elise Agra , John Hutson , Lester C. Loschky , N. Sanjay Rebello

Optimizing human-AI interaction requires users to reflect on their own performance critically. Our paper examines whether people using AI to complete tasks can accurately monitor how well they perform. In Study 1, participants (N = 246)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Daniela Fernandes , Steeven Villa , Salla Nicholls , Otso Haavisto , Daniel Buschek , Albrecht Schmidt , Thomas Kosch , Chenxinran Shen , Robin Welsch

A language model's ability to reflect on its own reasoning provides a key advantage for solving complex problems. While most recent research has focused on how this ability develops during reinforcement learning, we show that it actually…

Rubrics have been extensively utilized for evaluating unverifiable, open-ended tasks, with recent research incorporating them into reward systems for reinforcement learning. However, existing frameworks typically treat rubrics only as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiachen Yu , Zhihao Xu , Junjie Wang , Yujiu Yang

Dual-submission homework, where students submit work, receive feedback and then revise has gained attention as a way to foster reflection and discourage reliance on online answer repositories. This study analyzes 13 years of exam data from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Madhur Dixit , Kavya Lalbahadur Joshi , Kaveri Bhalchandra Konde , Edward F. Gehringer

In the modern knowledge economy, success demands sustained focus and high cognitive performance. Research suggests that human cognition is linked to a finite resource, and upon its depletion, cognitive functions such as self-control and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Nathan O. Hodas , Jacob Hunter , Stephen J. Young , Kristina Lerman

Course selection is a crucial activity for students as it directly impacts their workload and performance. It is also time-consuming, prone to subjectivity, and often carried out based on incomplete information. This task can, nevertheless,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Gonzalo Gabriel Méndez , Luis Galárraga , Katherine Chiluiza

We discuss the development of interactive video tutorial-based problems to help introductory physics students learn effective problem solving heuristics. The video tutorials present problem solving strategies using concrete examples in an…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-02-26 Chandralekha Singh