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Increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) within distribution feeders provides unprecedented flexibility at the distribution-transmission interconnection. With the new FERC 2222 order, DER aggregations are allowed to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-27 Bai Cui , Ahmed Zamzam , Andrey Bernstein

Distributed energy resources (DERs) such as responsive loads and energy storage systems are valuable resources available to grid operators for balancing supply-demand mismatches via load coordination. However, consumer acceptance of load…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-04 Adil Khurram , Mahraz Amini , Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa , Paul D. H. Hines , Mads Almassalkhi

This paper considers power distribution networks with distributed energy resources and designs an incentive-based algorithm that allows the network operator and customers to pursue given operational and economic objectives while…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-14 Xinyang Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Lijun Chen

Hosting capacity (HC) assessment plays a critical role in distribution system planning under increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and associated uncertainties in load and generation. However, conventional approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Habtemariam Aberie Kefale , Weijie Xia , Nanda Kishor Panda , Peter P. Palensky , Pedro P. Vergara

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Orders 841 and 2222 have recommended that distributed energy resources (DERs) should participate in energy and reserve markets; therefore, a mechanism needs to be developed to facilitate DERs'…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Mukesh Gautam , Rakib Hossain , Mohammad MansourLakouraj , Narayan Bhusal , Mohammed Benidris , Hanif Livani

Conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is a prominent risk measure in financial engineering, energy systems, and supply chain management. In these domains, Markov decision processes (MDPs) with a long-run CVaR criterion effectively mitigate cost…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Qixin Wang , Hao Cao , Jian-Qiang Hu , Mingjie Hu , Li Xia

Community microgrids are developed within existing power systems by integrating local distributed energy resources (DERs). So power distribution systems can be seamlessly partitioned into community microgrids and end-users could be largely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Chen Yuan , Guangyi Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Xi Chen , Mahesh S. Illindala

Non-ideal communication links, especially delays, critically affect fast networked controls in power systems, such as the wide-area damping control (WADC). Traditionally, a delay estimation and compensation approach is adopted to address…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Kyung-bin Kwon , Lintao Ye , Vijay Gupta , Hao Zhu

On-chip buses are typically designed to meet performance constraints at worst-case conditions, including process corner, temperature, IR-drop, and neighboring net switching pattern. This can result in significant performance slack at more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Himanshu Kaul , Dennis Sylvester , David Blaauw , Trevor Mudge , Todd Austin

With the rapid development of distributed renewable energy, multi-microgrids play an increasingly important role in improving the flexibility and reliability of energy supply. Reinforcement learning has shown great potential in coordination…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Rongxiang Zhang , Bo Li , Jinghua Li , Yuguang Song , Ziqing Zhu , Wentao Yang , Zhengmao Li , Edris Pouresmaeil , Joshua Y. Kim

Accurate voltage estimation in distribution networks is critical for real-time monitoring and increasing the reliability of the grid. As DER penetration and distribution level voltage variability increase, robust distribution system state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) and network topology reconfiguration (NTR) are widely employed to improve distribution system performance; however, existing approaches largely treat them independently, overlooking their coupled impact…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Rida Fatima , Hassan Zahid Butt , Xingpeng Li

This paper presents a data-driven, distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization method for estimating the real and reactive power controllability of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER). At the DER-level, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Mingzhi Zhang , Xiangqi Zhu , Ning Lu

Dispatching a large fleet of distributed energy resources (DERs) in response to wholesale energy market or regional grid signals requires solving a challenging disaggregation problem when the DERs are located within a distribution network.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Nawaf Nazir , Mads Almassalkhi

Large-scale AI training workloads in modern data centers exhibit rapid and periodic power fluctuations, which may induce significant voltage deviations in power distribution systems. Existing voltage regulation methods, such as droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Mingyuan Yan , Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang , Yize Chen , Wenqi Cui

Operators can now remotely control switches and update the control settings for voltage regulators and distributed energy resources (DERs), thus unleashing the network reconfiguration opportunities to improve efficiency. Aligned to this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Manish K. Singh , Sina Taheri , Vassilis Kekatos , Kevin P. Schneider , Chen-Ching Liu

Reactive power sharing and containment of voltages within limits for inverter-based resources (IBRs) are two important, yet coupled objectives in ac networks. In this article, we propose a distributed control technique to simultaneously…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Babak Abdolmaleki , John W. Simpson-Porco , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz

Distributed energy resources (DERs) can serve as non-wire alternatives (NWAs) to capacity expansion by managing peak load to avoid or delay traditional expansion projects. However, the value stream derived from using DERs as NWAs is usually…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-06 Jesus E. Contreras-Ocaña , Yize Chen , Uzma Siddiqi , Baosen Zhang

Current value-based multi-agent reinforcement learning methods optimize individual Q values to guide individuals' behaviours via centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE). However, such expected, i.e., risk-neutral, Q value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Wei Qiu , Xinrun Wang , Runsheng Yu , Xu He , Rundong Wang , Bo An , Svetlana Obraztsova , Zinovi Rabinovich

We propose an algorithm for distributed charging control of electric vehicles (EVs) using online learning and online convex optimization. Many distributed charging control algorithms in the literature implicitly assume fast two-way…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Wann-Jiun Ma , Vijay Gupta , Ufuk Topcu