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Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Incremental processing allows interactive systems to respond based on partial inputs, which is a desirable property e.g. in dialogue agents. The currently popular Transformer architecture inherently processes sequences as a whole,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Patrick Kahardipraja , Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform well in answering questions and in producing long-form texts, both in few-shot closed-book settings. While the former can be validated using well-known evaluation metrics, the latter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Kellie Webster , Michael Collins , Dipanjan Das , Shashi Narayan

The embedding layers transforming input words into real vectors are the key components of deep neural networks used in natural language processing. However, when the vocabulary is large, the corresponding weight matrices can be enormous,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Oleksii Hrinchuk , Valentin Khrulkov , Leyla Mirvakhabova , Elena Orlova , Ivan Oseledets

Wavelet transforms, a powerful mathematical tool, have been widely used in different domains, including Signal and Image processing, to unravel intricate patterns, enhance data representation, and extract meaningful features from data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Rana Aref Salama , Abdou Youssef , Mona Diab

Retrieval-augmented language models can better adapt to changes in world state and incorporate long-tail knowledge. However, most existing methods retrieve only short contiguous chunks from a retrieval corpus, limiting holistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Parth Sarthi , Salman Abdullah , Aditi Tuli , Shubh Khanna , Anna Goldie , Christopher D. Manning

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Santu Karmaker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Naman Bansal , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

Compressed indexing enables powerful queries over massive and repetitive textual datasets using space proportional to the compressed input. While theoretical advances have led to highly efficient index structures, their practical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ankith Reddy Adudodla , Dominik Kempa

Language models are vulnerable to short adversarial suffixes that can reliably alter predictions. Previous works usually find such suffixes with gradient search or rule-based methods, but these are brittle and often tied to a single task or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Sampriti Soor , Suklav Ghosh , Arijit Sur

In this paper, we question the rationale behind propagating large numbers of parameters through a distributed system during federated learning. We start by examining the rank characteristics of the subspace spanned by gradients across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Sheikh Shams Azam , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Qiang Qiu , Christopher Brinton

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) enable fine-tuning large language models to approximate reward-proportional posteriors, but they remain prone to mode collapse, manifesting as prefix collapse and length bias. We attribute this to two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xi Wang , Wenbo Lu , Shengjie Wang

The Suffix Array is a classic text index enabling on-line pattern matching queries via simple binary search. The main drawback of the Suffix Array is that it takes linear space in the text's length, even if the text itself is extremely…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Davide Cenzato , Lore Depuydt , Travis Gagie , Sung-Hwan Kim , Giovanni Manzini , Francisco Olivares , Nicola Prezza

Converting a compressed format of a string into another compressed format without an explicit decompression is one of the central research topics in string processing. We discuss the problem of converting the run-length Burrows-Wheeler…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

We propose a new technique for creating a space-efficient index for large repetitive text collections, such as pangenomic databases containing sequences of many individuals from the same species. We combine two recent techniques from this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Adrián Goga , Andrej Baláž

Discourse analysis may seek to characterize not only the overall composition of a given text but also the dynamic patterns within the data. This technical report introduces a data format intended to facilitate multi-level investigations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-08-14 A. Paxton , R. Dale

Large language models have recently achieved state of the art performance across a wide variety of natural language tasks. Meanwhile, the size of these models and their latency have significantly increased, which makes their usage costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Ziheng Wang , Jeremy Wohlwend , Tao Lei

Searches for phrases and word sets in large text arrays by means of additional indexes are considered. Their use may reduce the query-processing time by an order of magnitude in comparison with standard inverted files.

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-27 A. B. Veretennikov

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan