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The theory of mean field games aims at studying deterministic or stochastic differential games (Nash equilibria) as the number of agents tends to infinity. Since very few mean field games have explicit or semi-explicit solutions, numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Yves Achdou , Mathieu Laurière

This paper addresses the problem of learning an equilibrium efficiently in general-sum Markov games through decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning. Given the fundamental difficulty of calculating a Nash equilibrium (NE), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weichao Mao , Tamer Başar

We develop a scheme based on active learning to compute equilibria in a generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP). Specifically, an external observer (or entity), with little knowledge on the multi-agent process at hand, collects sensible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Barbara Franci , Filippo Fabiani , Alberto Bemporad

We propose a deep neural network-based algorithm to identify the Markovian Nash equilibrium of general large $N$-player stochastic differential games. Following the idea of fictitious play, we recast the $N$-player game into $N$ decoupled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Jiequn Han , Ruimeng Hu

We introduce the use of generative adversarial learning to compute equilibria in general game-theoretic settings, specifically the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in pseudo-games, and its specific instantiation as the competitive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Denizalp Goktas , David C. Parkes , Ian Gemp , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Romuald Elie , Guy Lever , Andrea Tacchetti

This thesis is going to give a gentle introduction to Mean Field Games. It aims to produce a coherent text beginning for simple notions of deterministic control theory progressively to current Mean Field Games theory. The framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-03 Athanasios Vasiliadis

We propose a new approach to mean field games with major and minor players. Our formulation involves a two player game where the optimization of the representative minor player is standard while the major player faces an optimization over…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-26 Rene Carmona , Xiuneng Zhu

The use of reinforcement learning algorithms in financial trading is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, the autonomous nature of these algorithms can lead to unexpected outcomes that deviate from traditional game-theoretical…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-16 Fabrizio Lillo , Andrea Macrì

Nash equilibria are crucial for understanding game behavior and systems in economics, physics, biology, and computer science. A significant application arises from the connection between Nash equilibria and optimization problems . However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Giovanni Ferrannini , Dario di Gregorio , Federico Fissore

This paper studies relative arbitrage opportunities in a market with competitive investors through stochastic differential games in the limit as the number of players tends to infinity. With common noises introduced by the stock…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-24 Nicole Tianjiao Yang , Tomoyuki Ichiba

We characterize zonal ancillary market coupling relying on noncooperative game theory. To that purpose, we formulate the ancillary market as a multi-leader single follower bilevel problem, that we subsequently cast as a generalized Nash…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Pierre Gruet , Luce Brotcorne

Prediction is a well-studied machine learning task, and prediction algorithms are core ingredients in online products and services. Despite their centrality in the competition between online companies who offer prediction-based products,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Omer Ben-Porat , Moshe Tennenholtz

This paper studies an optimal investment-consumption problem for competitive agents with exponential or power utilities and a common finite time horizon. Each agent regards the average of habit formation and wealth from all peers as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-06 Zongxia Liang , Keyu Zhang

This paper studies mean field games for multi-agent systems with control-dependent multiplicative noises. For the general systems with nonuniform agents, we obtain a set of decentralized strategies by solving an auxiliary limiting optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-10 Bing-Chang Wang , Yuan-Hua Ni , Huanshui Zhang

We are interested in the study of stochastic games for which each player faces an optimal stopping problem. In our setting, the players may interact through the criterion to optimise as well as through their dynamics. After briefly…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Dylan Possamaï , Mehdi Talbi

In this work, we systematically investigate mean field games and mean field type control problems with multiple populations using a coupled system of forward-backward stochastic differential equations of McKean-Vlasov type stemming from…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Masaaki Fujii

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

We formulate a general framework for competitive gradient-based learning that encompasses a wide breadth of multi-agent learning algorithms, and analyze the limiting behavior of competitive gradient-based learning algorithms using dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Eric Mazumdar , Lillian J. Ratliff , S. Shankar Sastry

Recent advances at the intersection of dense large graph limits and mean field games have begun to enable the scalable analysis of a broad class of dynamical sequential games with large numbers of agents. So far, results have been largely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

Constrained Markov games offer a formal mathematical framework for modeling multi-agent reinforcement learning problems where the behavior of the agents is subject to constraints. In this work, we focus on the recently introduced class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Philip Jordan , Anas Barakat , Niao He