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To witness quantum advantages in practical settings, substantial efforts are required not only at the hardware level but also on theoretical research to reduce the computational cost of a given protocol. Quantum computation has the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Daniel K. Park , Carsten Blank , Francesco Petruccione

Quantum Grover search algorithm can find a target item in a database faster than any classical algorithm. One can trade accuracy for speed and find a part of the database (a block) containing the target item even faster, this is partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Vladimir Korepin

Quantum computing promises revolutionary advances in modeling materials and molecules. However, the up-to-date runtime estimates for utility-scale applications on certain quantum hardware systems are in the order of years rendering quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Katerina Gratsea , Matthew Otten

Quantum multi-programming is a method utilizing contemporary noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers by executing multiple quantum circuits concurrently. Despite early research on it, the research remains on quantum gates or small-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Gilchan Park , Kun Zhang , Kwangmin Yu , Vladimir Korepin

We generalize Grover algorithm with two arbitrary phases in a density matrix set up. We give exact analytic expressions for the success probability after arbitrary number of iteration of the generalized Grover operator as a function of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury , Swarupananda Pradhan

Quantum kernel methods are a proposal for achieving quantum computational advantage in machine learning. They are based on a hybrid classical-quantum computation where a function called the quantum kernel is estimated by a quantum device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Ulysse Chabaud , Roohollah Ghobadi , Salman Beigi , Saleh Rahimi-Keshari

A quantum computer consists of a set of quantum bits upon which operations called gates are applied to perform computations. In order to perform quantum algorithms, physicists would like to design arbitrary gates to apply to quantum bits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-18 Jeffrey Booth

Grover's quantum search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over the classical one. The computational complexity is based on the number of queries to the oracle. However, depth is a more modern metric for noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Kun Zhang , Vladimir E. Korepin

We make several contributions that quantify the real-time hash rate and therefore the consensus of a blockchain. We show that by using only the hash value of blocks, we can estimate and measure the hash rate of all miners or individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 A. Pinar Ozisik , George Bissias , Brian Levine

We analyze the performance of classical and quantum search algorithms from a thermodynamic perspective, focusing on resources such as time, energy, and memory size. We consider two examples that are relevant to post-quantum cryptography:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-02 Ray Perlner , Yi-Kai Liu

We generalize Grover's unstructured quantum search algorithm to enable it to use an arbitrary starting superposition and an arbitrary unitary matrix simultaneously. We derive an exact formula for the probability of the generalized Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Robert Gingrich , Colin P. Williams , Nicolas Cerf

Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing…

Quantum computation has attracted much attention since it was shown by Shor and Grover the possibility to implement quantum algorithms able to realize, respectively, factoring and searching in a faster way than any other known classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rubens Viana Ramos , Paulo Benicio de Sousa , David Sena Oliveira

Quantum Computers (QCs), once they mature, will be able to solve some problems faster than Classic Computers. This phenomenon is called "quantum advantage" (or a stronger term "quantum supremacy"). Quantum advantage will help us to speed up…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy , Walid Rjaibi

Quantum Computing offers an entirely new way of doing computation governed by the rules of quantum mechanics like Superposition and Entanglement. These rules allow us to do computation over all the possible states simultaneously. Hence,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-08 Mohd. Hussain Mir , Harkirat Singh

The intensive pursuit for quantum advantage in terms of computational complexity has further led to a modernized crucial question: {\it When and how will quantum computers outperform classical computers?} The next milestone is undoubtedly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Tsuyoshi Okubo , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuki Koizumi , Wataru Mizukami

Quantum algorithms have demonstrated provable speedups over classical counterparts, yet establishing a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the quantum advantage remains a core challenge. In this work, we decode the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Si-Qi Zhou , Jin-Min Liang , Ziheng Ding , Zhihua Chen , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhihao Ma

Grover's quantum search algorithm promises a quadratic speedup for unstructured search over its classical counterpart. But this advantage is affected by noise acting on the search space. Here, we show that a quantum switch can act as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Suryansh Srivastava , Arun K. Pati , Samyadeb Bhattacharya , Indranil Chakrabarty

What happens to mining when the Bitcoin price changes, when there are mining supply shocks, the price of energy changes, or hardware technology evolves? We give precise answers based on the technical forces and incentives in the system. We…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-21 Nemo Semret

Recent breakthroughs in generative machine learning, powered by massive computational resources, have demonstrated unprecedented human-like capabilities. While beyond-classical quantum experiments can generate samples from classically…