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Should prediction models always deliver a prediction? In the pursuit of maximum predictive performance, critical considerations of reliability and fairness are often overshadowed, particularly when it comes to the role of uncertainty.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Anna Sokol , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Because many illnesses show heterogeneous response to treatment, there is increasing interest in individualizing treatment to patients [Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66 (2009) 128--133]. An individualized treatment rule is a decision rule that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-18 Min Qian , Susan A. Murphy

In the era of big data, analysts usually explore various statistical models or machine learning methods for observed data in order to facilitate scientific discoveries or gain predictive power. Whatever data and fitting procedures are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-24 Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh , Yuhong Yang

Boosting algorithms to simultaneously estimate and select predictor effects in statistical models have gained substantial interest during the last decade. This review article aims to highlight recent methodological developments regarding…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-19 Andreas Mayr , Harald Binder , Olaf Gefeller , Matthias Schmid

We introduce a new multiple type I error criterion for clinical trials with multiple populations. Such trials are of interest in precision medicine where the goal is to develop treatments that are targeted to specific sub-populations…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-05 Werner Brannath , Charlie Hillner , Kornelius Rohmeyer

This thesis aims to study some of the mathematical challenges that arise in the analysis of statistical sequential decision-making algorithms for postoperative patients follow-up. Stochastic bandits (multiarmed, contextual) model the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Patrick Saux

While machine learning algorithms hold promise for personalised medicine, their clinical adoption remains limited, partly due to biases that can compromise the reliability of predictions. In this paper, we focus on sample selection bias…

Precision medicine is currently a topic of great interest in clinical and intervention science. One way to formalize precision medicine is through a treatment regime, which is a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-07 Yichi Zhang , Eric B. Laber , Anastasios Tsiatis , Marie Davidian

We present a probabilistic ranking model to identify the optimal treatment in multiple-response experiments. In contemporary practice, treatments are applied over individuals with the goal of achieving multiple ideal properties on them…

Comparing outcomes across treatments is essential in medicine and public policy. To do so, researchers typically estimate a set of parameters, possibly counterfactual, with each targeting a different treatment. Treatment-specific means are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Alec McClean , Yiting Li , Sunjae Bae , Mara A. McAdams-DeMarco , Iván Díaz , Wenbo Wu

In a data-scarce field such as healthcare, where models often deliver predictions on patients with rare conditions, the ability to measure the uncertainty of a model's prediction could potentially lead to improved effectiveness of decision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-26 Lotta Meijerink , Giovanni Cinà , Michele Tonutti

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate individualised treatment assignment rules. The method is designed to find rules that are stochastic, reflecting uncertainty in estimation of an assignment rule and about its welfare…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-22 Toru Kitagawa , Hugo Lopez , Jeff Rowley

This paper provides a nonparametric framework for causal inference with categorical outcomes under binary treatment and binary instrument settings. I decompose the observed joint probability of outcomes and treatment into marginal…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-11 Onil Boussim

To maximize clinical benefit, clinicians routinely tailor treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, where individualized treatment rules are needed and are of significant research interest to statisticians. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Rui Song , Pingshou Zhong

The call for patient-focused drug development is loud and clear, as expressed in the 21st Century Cures Act and in recent guidelines and initiatives of regulatory agencies. Among the factors contributing to modernized drug development and…

When users can benefit from certain predictive outcomes, they may be prone to act to achieve those outcome, e.g., by strategically modifying their features. The goal in strategic classification is therefore to train predictive models that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Guy Horowitz , Nir Rosenfeld

In the causal adjustment setting, variable selection techniques based on one of either the outcome or treatment allocation model can result in the omission of confounders, which leads to bias, or the inclusion of spurious variables, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-30 Ashkan Ertefaie , Masoud Asgharian , David Stephens

Preferences play a key role in determining what goals/constraints to satisfy when not all constraints can be satisfied simultaneously. In this work, we study preference-based planning in a stochastic system modeled as a Markov decision…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Abhishek Ninad Kulkarni , Jie Fu

Subject selection plays a critical role in experimental studies, especially ones with human subjects. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many such studies, done at or near university campus settings suffer from selection bias, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Tahereh Arabghalizi , Alexandros Labrinidis

I examine the problem of treatment choice when a planner observes (i) covariates that describe each member of a population of interest and (ii) the outcomes of an experiment in which subjects randomly drawn from this population are randomly…

Applications · Statistics 2013-02-01 Charles F. Manski
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