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Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Readability assessment is the task of evaluating the reading difficulty of a given piece of text. Although research on computational approaches to readability assessment is now two decades old, there is not much work on synthesizing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Sowmya Vajjala

Static code analysis tools and integrated development environments present developers with quality-related software metrics, some of which describe the understandability of source code. Software metrics influence overarching strategic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Marvin Wyrich , Andreas Preikschat , Daniel Graziotin , Stefan Wagner

Searching for clues, gathering evidence, and reviewing case files are all techniques used by criminal investigators to draw sound conclusions and avoid wrongful convictions. Similarly, in software engineering (SE) research, we can develop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Marvin Muñoz Barón , Marvin Wyrich , Daniel Graziotin , Stefan Wagner

Code readability is fundamental to software quality and maintainability. Poor readability extends development time, increases bug-inducing risks, and contributes to technical debt. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models, AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kyogo Horikawa , Kosei Horikawa , Yutaro Kashiwa , Hidetake Uwano , Hajimu Iida

Background: Recent advancements in large language models have motivated the practical use of such models in code generation and program synthesis. However, little is known about the effects of such tools on code readability and visual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Naser Al Madi

Producing code of good quality is an essential skill in software development. Code quality is an aspect of software quality that concerns the directly observable properties of code, such as decomposition, modularization, and code flow. Code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Eduardo Carneiro Oliveira , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Code refactoring is a fundamental software engineering practice aimed at improving code quality and maintainability. Despite its importance, developers often neglect refactoring due to the significant time, effort, and resources it…

There are countless reasons cited in scientific studies to explain the difficulties in programming learning. The reasons range from the subject's complexity, the ineffective teaching and study methods, to psychological aspects such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Alberto Simões , Ricardo Queirós

Natural code is known to be very repetitive (much more so than natural language corpora); furthermore, this repetitiveness persists, even after accounting for the simpler syntax of code. However, programming languages are very expressive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Casey Casalnuovo , Kevin Lee , Hulin Wang , Prem Devanbu , Emily Morgan

Code review is a well-established and valued practice in the software engineering community contributing to both code quality and interpersonal benefits. However, there are challenges in both tools and processes that give rise to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Lo Gullstrand Heander , Emma Söderberg , Christofer Rydenfält

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly exhibit strong reasoning abilities, often attributed to their capacity to generate chain-of-thought-style intermediate reasoning. Recent work suggests that exposure to code can further enhance these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lukas Twist , Shu Yang , Hanqi Yan , Jingzhi Gong , Di Wang , Helen Yannakoudakis , Jie M. Zhang

Large language models for code (i.e., code LLMs) have shown strong code understanding and generation capabilities. To evaluate the capabilities of code LLMs in various aspects, many benchmarks have been proposed (e.g., HumanEval and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junkai Chen , Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Zhenhao Li , Ge Li , Xin Xia

With the growing use of large language models(LLMs) as evaluators, their application has expanded to code evaluation tasks, where they assess the correctness of generated code without relying on reference implementations. While this offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiwon Moon , Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Yongil Kim , Kyomin Jung

The relevance of code comprehension in a developer's daily work was recognized more than 40 years ago. Consequently, many experiments were conducted to find out how developers could be supported during code comprehension and which code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Marvin Wyrich , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner

Literature and intuition suggest that a developer's intelligence and personality have an impact on their performance in comprehending source code. Researchers made this suggestion in the past when discussing threats to validity of their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Stefan Wagner , Marvin Wyrich

As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexis Ross , Megha Srivastava , Jeremiah Blanchard , Jacob Andreas

We investigate how code obfuscation influences human understanding of programs through an output-prediction task. To study this effect, we construct multiple levels of obfuscation, ranging from unobfuscated code to transformations involving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Anh H. N. Nguyen , Jack Le , Ilse Lahnstein Coronado , Tien N. Nguyen

Introductory programming courses often rely on small code-writing exercises that have clearly specified problem statements. This limits opportunities for students to practice how to clarify ambiguous requirements -- a critical skill in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Stephen MacNeil , James Prather , Juho Leinonen

Software measurement is an essential management tool to develop robust and maintainable software systems. Software metrics can be used to control the inherent complexities in software design. To guarantee that the components of the software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Mamdouh Alenezi