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The eXtreme Multi-label Classification~(XMC) problem seeks to find relevant labels from an exceptionally large label space. Most of the existing XMC learners focus on the extraction of semantic features from input query text. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Eli Chien , Jiong Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jyun-Yu Jiang , Wei-Cheng Chang , Olgica Milenkovic , Hsiang-Fu Yu

Extreme multi-label classification aims to learn a classifier that annotates an instance with a relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set. Many existing solutions embed the label matrix to a low-dimensional linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Yuefeng Liang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Thomas C. M. Lee

This paper presents a simple and effective approach to solving the multi-label classification problem. The proposed approach leverages Transformer decoders to query the existence of a class label. The use of Transformer is rooted in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Shilong Liu , Lei Zhang , Xiao Yang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

We introduce a method for efficient multi-label text classification with large language models (LLMs), built on reformulating classification tasks as sequences of dichotomic (yes/no) decisions. Instead of generating all labels in a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mikołaj Langner , Jan Eliasz , Ewa Rudnicka , Jan Kocoń

Accurate multi-turn intent classification is essential for advancing conversational AI systems. However, challenges such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets and the complexity of contextual dependencies across dialogue turns hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

Multi-label classification problems with thousands of classes are hard to solve with in-context learning alone, as language models (LMs) might lack prior knowledge about the precise classes or how to assign them, and it is generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Karel D'Oosterlinck , Omar Khattab , François Remy , Thomas Demeester , Chris Develder , Christopher Potts

Here we study the problem of learning labels for large text corpora where each text can be assigned a variable number of labels. The problem might seem trivial when the label dimensionality is small and can be easily solved using a series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-02 Sayantan Dasgupta

In this paper, we explore possible improvements of transformer models in a low-resource setting. In particular, we present our approaches to tackle the first two of three subtasks of the MEDDOPROF competition, i.e., the extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Lukas Lange , Heike Adel , Jannik Strötgen

Deep pretrained transformer networks are effective at various ranking tasks, such as question answering and ad-hoc document ranking. However, their computational expenses deem them cost-prohibitive in practice. Our proposed approach, called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Sean MacAvaney , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Nazli Goharian , Ophir Frieder

Deep learning systems thrive on abundance of labeled training data but such data is not always available, calling for alternative methods of supervision. One such method is expectation regularization (XR) (Mann and McCallum, 2007), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-15 Matan Ben Noach , Yoav Goldberg

Providing access to information across languages has been a goal of Information Retrieval (IR) for decades. While progress has been made on Cross Language IR (CLIR) where queries are expressed in one language and documents in another, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Dawn Lawrie , Eugene Yang , Douglas W. Oard , James Mayfield

Extreme multi-label classification (XML) is becoming increasingly relevant in the era of big data. Yet, there is no method for effectively generating stratified partitions of XML datasets. Instead, researchers typically rely on provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Maximillian Merrillees , Lan Du

Efficiently fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific tasks presents a considerable challenge in natural language processing. Traditional methods, like prompt or prefix tuning, typically rely on arbitrary tokens for training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Md. Kowsher , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Asif Mahmud , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

To mitigate the burden of data labeling, we aim at improving data efficiency for both classification and regression setups in deep learning. However, the current focus is on classification problems while rare attention has been paid to deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Ximei Wang , Xinyang Chen , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

This paper presents an innovative application of Transformer-XL for long sequence tasks in robotic learning from demonstrations (LfD). The proposed framework effectively integrates multi-modal sensor inputs, including RGB-D images, LiDAR,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gao Tianci

We consider the task of Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification (XMTC) in the legal domain. We release a new dataset of 57k legislative documents from EURLEX, the European Union's public document database, annotated with concepts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is now a common approach for text classification in a wide range of applications. When labeled documents are scarce, active learning helps save annotation efforts but requires retraining of massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Artem Vysogorets , Achintya Gopal

Multi-label classification (MLC) requires predicting multiple labels per sample, often under heavy class imbalance and noisy conditions. Traditional approaches apply fixed thresholds or treat labels independently, overlooking context and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Dmytro Shamatrin

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained significant attention in both academia and industry. Substantial efforts have been made to enhance the zero- and few-shot generalization capabilities of open-source LLMs through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zongxi Li , Xianming Li , Yuzhang Liu , Haoran Xie , Jing Li , Fu-lee Wang , Qing Li , Xiaoqin Zhong

This paper presents an approach to improve text embedding models through contrastive fine-tuning on small datasets augmented with expert scores. It focuses on enhancing semantic textual similarity tasks and addressing text retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jun Lu , David Li , Bill Ding , Yu Kang
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