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Gender and race inferred from an individual's name are a notable source of stereotypes and biases that subtly influence social interactions. Abundant evidence from human experiments has revealed the preferential treatment that one receives…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yumou Wei , Paulo F. Carvalho , John Stamper

We study the bias in several state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) models---specifically, a difference in the ability to recognize male and female names as PERSON entity types. We evaluate NER models on a dataset containing 139…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Ninareh Mehrabi , Thamme Gowda , Fred Morstatter , Nanyun Peng , Aram Galstyan

Cosine similarity between two words, computed using their contextualised token embeddings obtained from masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT has shown to underestimate the actual similarity between those words (Zhou et al., 2022).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Saeth Wannasuphoprasit , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

We present our 7th place solution to the Gendered Pronoun Resolution challenge, which uses BERT without fine-tuning and a novel augmentation strategy designed for contextual embedding token-level tasks. Our method anonymizes the referent by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Bo Liu

Low-frequency words place a major challenge for automatic speech recognition (ASR). The probabilities of these words, which are often important name entities, are generally under-estimated by the language model (LM) due to their limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Xi Ma , Xiaoxi Wang , Dong Wang , Zhiyong Zhang

Contextual word embeddings such as BERT have achieved state of the art performance in numerous NLP tasks. Since they are optimized to capture the statistical properties of training data, they tend to pick up on and amplify social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Keita Kurita , Nidhi Vyas , Ayush Pareek , Alan W Black , Yulia Tsvetkov

In this paper, we apply a method to quantify biases associated with named entities from various countries. We create counterfactual examples with small perturbations on target-domain data instead of relying on templates or specific datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Valentin Barriere , Sebastian Cifuentes

This paper examines how linguistic similarity affects cross-lingual phonetic representation in speech processing for low-resource languages, emphasizing effective source language selection. Previous cross-lingual research has used various…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Minu Kim , Kangwook Jang , Hoirin Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit latent biases towards specific nationalities even when explicit demographic markers are not present. In this work, we introduce a novel name-based benchmarking approach derived from the Bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Giulio Pelosio , Devesh Batra , Noémie Bovey , Robert Hankache , Cristovao Iglesias , Greig Cowan , Raad Khraishi

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

Gender bias in Language and Vision datasets and models has the potential to perpetuate harmful stereotypes and discrimination. We analyze gender bias in two Language and Vision datasets. Consistent with prior work, we find that both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Sophia Harrison , Eleonora Gualdoni , Gemma Boleda

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated text annotation in tasks ranging from academic research to content moderation and hiring. Across 19 LLMs and two experiments totaling more than 4 million annotation judgments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Petter Törnberg

Pre-trained language models perform well on a variety of linguistic tasks that require symbolic reasoning, raising the question of whether such models implicitly represent abstract symbols and rules. We investigate this question using the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Jason Wei , Dan Garrette , Tal Linzen , Ellie Pavlick

Gender bias in artificial intelligence has become an important issue, particularly in the context of language models used in communication-oriented applications. This study examines the extent to which Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Michael Döll , Markus Döhring , Andreas Müller

Using token representation from bidirectional language models (LMs) such as BERT is still a widely used approach for token-classification tasks. Even though there exist much larger unidirectional LMs such as Llama-2, they are rarely used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Takumi Goto , Hiroyoshi Nagao , Yuta Koreeda

This paper investigates the impact of using first names in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs), particularly when prompted with ethical decision-making tasks. We propose an approach that appends first names to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Lorenzo Berlincioni , Luca Cultrera , Federico Becattini , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

Modern language modeling tasks are often underspecified: for a given token prediction, many words may satisfy the user's intent of producing natural language at inference time, however only one word will minimize the task's loss function at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Emily McMilin

Cultural traits such as words, names, decorative styles, and technical standards often assume arbitrary values and are thought to evolve neutrally. But neutral evolution cannot explain why some traits come and go in cycles of popularity…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-01 Mitchell G. Newberry , Joshua B. Plotkin

We study clinical Named Entity Recognition (NER) on the CADEC corpus and compare three families of approaches: (i) BERT-style encoders (BERT Base, BioClinicalBERT, RoBERTa-large), (ii) GPT-4o used with few-shot in-context learning (ICL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Andrei Baroian

An important question concerning contextualized word embedding (CWE) models like BERT is how well they can represent different word senses, especially those in the long tail of uncommon senses. Rather than build a WSD system as in previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Luke Gessler , Nathan Schneider