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Flexible robots have advantages over rigid robots in their ability to conform physically to their environment and to form a wide variety of shapes. Sensing the force applied by or to flexible robots is useful for both navigation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Michael R. Mitchell , Ciera McFarland , Margaret M. Coad

Artificial muscles are essential for compliant musculoskeletal robotics but complicate control due to nonlinear multiphysics dynamics. Hydraulically amplified electrostatic (HASEL) actuators, a class of soft artificial muscles, offer high…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Leonardo Bettini , Amirhossein Kazemipour , Robert K. Katzschmann , George Haller

Functional magnetic composites capable of large deformation, load bearing, and multifunctional motion are essential for next-generation adaptive soft robots. Here, we present muscle-inspired magnetic actuators (MMA), additively manufactured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Muhammad Bilal Khan , Florian Hofmann , Kilian Schäfer , Matthias Lutzi , Oliver Gutfleisch

Soft robots achieve functionality through tight coupling among geometry, material composition, and actuation. As a result, effective design optimization requires these three aspects to be considered jointly rather than in isolation. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittorio Candiello , Manuel Mekkattu , Mike Y. Michelis , Robert K. Katzschmann

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) made from elastomeric materials can provide large strain and large force. The behavior of locally strain-restricted hyperelastic materials under inflation has been investigated thoroughly for shape…

Electroadhesion (EA) provides electrically switchable adhesion and is a promising mechanism for perching micro aerial robots on smooth surfaces. However, practical implementations of soft and stretchable EA pads for aerial perching remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chen Liu , Sonu Feroz , Ketao Zhang

Many soft-body organisms found in nature flourish underwater. Similarly, soft robots are potentially well-suited for underwater environments partly because the problematic effects of gravity, friction, and harmonic oscillations are less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 W. David Null , Y Z

Soft robots are known for their ability to perform tasks with great adaptability, enabled by their distributed, non-uniform stiffness and actuation. Bending is the most fundamental motion for soft robot design, but creating robust, and…

We propose a mechanically simple and cheap design for a series elastic actuator with controllable stiffness. Such characteristics are necessary for animals for running, jumping, throwing, and manipulation, yet in robots, variable stiffness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Sajiv Shah , Brad Saund

Design of robotic systems that safely and efficiently operate in uncertain operational conditions, such as rehabilitation and physical assistance robots, remains an important challenge in the field. Current methods for the design of energy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Edgar Bolívar , Siavash Rezazadeh , Tyler Summers , Robert D. Gregg

Soft robots promise improved safety and capability over rigid robots when deployed in complex, delicate, and dynamic environments. However, the infinite degrees of freedom and highly nonlinear dynamics of these systems severely complicate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 David A. Haggerty , Michael J. Banks , Patrick C. Curtis , Igor Mezić , Elliot W. Hawkes

Soft electrohydraulic actuators known as HASEL actuators have attracted widespread research interest due to their outstanding dynamic performance and high output power. However, the displacement of electrohydraulic actuators usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Quan Xiong , Xuanyi Zhou , Dannuo Li , Raye Chen-Hua Yeow

This study is part of research aiming at increasing the range of dynamic tasks for teleoperated field robotics in order to allow operators to use the full range of human motions without being limited by the dynamics of the robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Manuel Aiple , Wouter Gregoor , Andre Schiele

High-speed locomotion of animals gives them tremendous advantages in exploring, hunting, and escaping from predators in varying environments. Enlightened by the fast-running gait of mammals like cheetahs and wolves, we designed and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Zechen Xiong , Yufeng Su , Hod Lipson

The ignition of flammable liquids and gases in offshore oil and gas environments is a major risk and can cause loss of life, serious injury, and significant damage to infrastructure. Power supplies that are used to provide regulated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Stephen T. Mahon , Anthony Buchoux , Mohammed E. Sayed , Lijun Teng , Adam A. Stokes

Movement disorders impact muscle strength and mobility, and despite therapeutic efforts, many people with movement disorders have challenges functioning independently. Soft wearable robots, or exosuits, offer a promising solution for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Tuo Liu , Jonathan Realmuto

Nonlinear stiffness SEAs (NSEAs) inspired by biological muscles offer promise in achieving adaptable stiffness for assistive robots. While assistive robots are often designed and compared based on torque capability and control bandwidth,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Motohiro Hirao , Burak Kurkcu , Alireza Ghanbarpour , Masayoshi Tomizuka

This paper presents design, fabrication and control of a compliant 2D manipulator, a so called soft actuator. Our focus is on fiber-reinforced elastomer actuators driven by a constant pressure hydraulic supply and modulated on/off valves.…

Purpose of Review: This review provides an overview of the state of the art in bioinspired soft robotics with by examining advancements in actuation, functionality, modeling, and control. Recent Findings: Recent research into actuation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Maxwell Hammond , Venanzio Cichella , Caterina Lamuta

Short lifetime under high electrical fields hinders the widespread robotic application of linear dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Systematic scanning is difficult due to time-consuming per-sample testing and the high-dimensional…