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Related papers: Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targets

200 papers

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Internet memes have become an increasingly pervasive form of contemporary social communication that attracted a lot of research interest recently. In this paper, we analyze the data of 129,326 memes collected from Reddit in the middle of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Kate Barnes , Tiernon Riesenmy , Minh Duc Trinh , Eli Lleshi , Nóra Balogh , Roland Molontay

The dynamic expansion of social media has led to an inundation of hateful memes on media platforms, accentuating the growing need for efficient identification and removal. Acknowledging the constraints of conventional multimodal hateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Junxi Liu , Yanyan Feng , Jiehai Chen , Yun Xue , Fenghuan Li

Subtle and indirect hate speech remains an underexplored challenge in online safety research, particularly when harmful intent is embedded within misleading or manipulative narratives. Existing hate speech datasets primarily capture overt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sai Kartheek Reddy Kasu , Shankar Biradar , Sunil Saumya , Md. Shad Akhtar

Internet Memes remain a challenging form of user-generated content for automated sentiment classification. The availability of labelled memes is a barrier to developing sentiment classifiers of multimodal memes. To address the shortage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Muzhaffar Hazman , Susan McKeever , Josephine Griffith

Information on social media comprises of various modalities such as textual, visual and audio. NLP and Computer Vision communities often leverage only one prominent modality in isolation to study social media. However, the computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Chhavi Sharma , Deepesh Bhageria , William Scott , Srinivas PYKL , Amitava Das , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Viswanath Pulabaigari , Bjorn Gamback

With the rapid rise of social media and Internet culture, memes have become a popular medium for expressing emotional tendencies. This has sparked growing interest in Meme Emotion Understanding (MEU), which aims to classify the emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to bring up various topics discussed or debated on social media. In order to explore the impact of pandemics on people's lives, it is crucial to understand the public's concerns and attitudes towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Peilin Zhou , Zeqiang Wang , Dading Chong , Zhijiang Guo , Yining Hua , Zichang Su , Zhiyang Teng , Jiageng Wu , Jie Yang

Hateful meme detection aims to prevent the proliferation of hateful memes on various social media platforms. Considering its impact on social environments, this paper introduces a previously ignored but significant threat to hateful meme…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Ruofei Wang , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyuan Luo , Ka Chun Cheung , Simon See , Jing Ma , Renjie Wan

Memes are a central part of online culture, yet their virality remains difficult to predict, especially in cross-lingual settings. We present a large-scale, time-series dataset of 46,578 Reddit memes collected from 25 meme-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sedat Dogan , Nina Dethlefs , Debarati Chakraborty

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

In recent years, monitoring hate speech and offensive language on social media platforms has become paramount due to its widespread usage among all age groups, races, and ethnicities. Consequently, there have been substantial research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Aneri Rana , Sonali Jha

Hateful memes have emerged as a significant concern on the Internet. Detecting hateful memes requires the system to jointly understand the visual and textual modalities. Our investigation reveals that the embedding space of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jingbiao Mei , Jinghong Chen , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne , Marcus Tomalin

Humour, a fundamental aspect of human communication, manifests itself in various styles that significantly impact social interactions and mental health. Recognising different humour styles poses challenges due to the lack of established…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mary Ogbuka Kenneth , Foaad Khosmood , Abbas Edalat

Transcending the binary categorization of racist texts, our study takes cues from social science theories to develop a multi-dimensional model for racism detection, namely stigmatization, offensiveness, blame, and exclusion. With the aid of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Xin Pei , Deval Mehta

Social media expose millions of users every day to information campaigns --- some emerging organically from grassroots activity, others sustained by advertising or other coordinated efforts. These campaigns contribute to the shaping of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Onur Varol , Emilio Ferrara , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Flammini

We show that malicious COVID-19 content, including hate speech, disinformation, and misinformation, exploits the multiverse of online hate to spread quickly beyond the control of any individual social media platform. Machine learning topic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-23 N. Velásquez , R. Leahy , N. Johnson Restrepo , Y. Lupu , R. Sear , N. Gabriel , O. Jha , B. Goldberg , N. F. Johnson

Optimization of offensive content moderation models for different types of hateful messages is typically achieved through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on new hate speech benchmarks. However, existing benchmarks mainly address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Irina Proskurina , Marc-Antoine Carpentier , Julien Velcin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on simple text classification tasks, frequently under zero-shot settings. However, their efficacy declines when tackling complex social media challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Elyas Meguellati , Assaad Zeghina , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini