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Normalizing flows are an established approach for modelling complex probability densities through invertible transformations from a base distribution. However, the accuracy with which the target distribution can be captured by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-02 Harry Bevins , Will Handley , Thomas Gessey-Jones

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool to create flexible probability distributions with a wide range of potential applications in cosmology. Here we are studying normalizing flows which represent cosmological observables at field level,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Adam Rouhiainen , Utkarsh Giri , Moritz Münchmeyer

Many components of data analysis in high energy physics and beyond require morphing one dataset into another. This is commonly solved via reweighting, but there are many advantages of preserving weights and shifting the data points instead.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-22 Tobias Golling , Samuel Klein , Radha Mastandrea , Benjamin Nachman , John Andrew Raine

Boltzmann Generators have emerged as a promising machine learning tool for generating samples from equilibrium distributions of molecular systems using Normalizing Flows and importance weighting. Recently, Flow Matching has helped speed up…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Lorenz Vaitl , Leon Klein

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a class of generative models distinguished by a mathematically invertible architecture, where the forward pass transforms data into a latent space for density estimation, and the reverse pass generates new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yang Chen , Xiaowei Xu , Shuai Wang , Chenhui Zhu , Ruxue Wen , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Limin Wang

Normalizing flows (NFs) provide a powerful tool to construct an expressive distribution by a sequence of trackable transformations of a base distribution and form a probabilistic model of underlying data. Rotation, as an important quantity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yulin Liu , Haoran Liu , Yingda Yin , Yang Wang , Baoquan Chen , He Wang

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple density. The invertibility means that we can evaluate densities and generate samples from a flow. In practice, autoregressive flow-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-06 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple base density. Flows based on either coupling or autoregressive transforms both offer exact density evaluation and sampling, but rely on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-03 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

In the past few years, deep generative models, such as generative adversarial networks \autocite{GAN}, variational autoencoders \autocite{vaepaper}, and their variants, have seen wide adoption for the task of modelling complex data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-02 Guilherme G. P. Freitas Pires , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Flows are exact-likelihood generative neural networks that transform samples from a simple prior distribution to the samples of the probability distribution of interest. Boltzmann Generators (BG) combine flows and statistical mechanics to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-03 Jonas Köhler , Leon Klein , Frank Noé

Normalizing flows model probability distributions by learning invertible transformations that transfer a simple distribution into complex distributions. Since the architecture of ResNet-based normalizing flows is more flexible than that of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Byeongkeun Ahn , Chiyoon Kim , Youngjoon Hong , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Recently normalizing flows (NFs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on modeling 3D point clouds while allowing sampling with arbitrary resolution at inference time. However, these flow-based models still require long training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Janis Postels , Mengya Liu , Riccardo Spezialetti , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

This study focuses on the novel application of a normalizing flow as a method of domain adaptation. Normalizing flows offer a way to transform data points between two different distributions. The present study investigates a method of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-05-16 Rowan Kelleher , Anselm Vossen

Many-body perturbation theory provides a powerful framework to study the ground state and thermodynamic properties of nuclear matter as well as associated single-particle potentials and response functions within a systematic order-by-order…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt , Albany Blackburn

Normalizing flows are invertible neural networks with tractable change-of-volume terms, which allow optimization of their parameters to be efficiently performed via maximum likelihood. However, data of interest are typically assumed to live…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Anthony L. Caterini , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Geoff Pleiss , John P. Cunningham

Normalizing flows are a powerful technique for obtaining reparameterizable samples from complex multimodal distributions. Unfortunately, current approaches are only available for the most basic geometries and fall short when the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-03 Luca Falorsi

Explicit density learners are becoming an increasingly popular technique for generative models because of their ability to better model probability distributions. They have advantages over Generative Adversarial Networks due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Steven Walton , Valeriy Klyukin , Maksim Artemev , Denis Derkach , Nikita Orlov , Humphrey Shi

Normalizing flows are bijective mappings between inputs and latent representations with a fully factorized distribution. They are very attractive due to exact likelihood valuation and efficient sampling. However, their effective capacity is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Matej Grcić , Ivan Grubišić , Siniša Šegvić

We present an alternative to reweighting techniques for modifying distributions to account for a desired change in an underlying conditional distribution, as is often needed to correct for mis-modelling in a simulated sample. We employ…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-01 Malte Algren , Tobias Golling , Manuel Guth , Chris Pollard , John Andrew Raine