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Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language for describing a broad range of real-valued, temporal properties in cyber-physical systems. While there has been extensive research on verification and control synthesis from STL…

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) robustness is a common objective for optimal robot control, but its dependence on history limits the robot's decision-making capabilities when used in Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches. In this work, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Roland Ilyes , Lara Brudermüller , Nick Hawes , Bruno Lacerda

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorously specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., systems mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous environment or analog com- ponents. STL…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Alexandre Donzé , Shromona Ghosh , Xiaoqing Jin , Garvit Juniwal , Sanjit A. Seshia

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely adopted specification language in cyber-physical systems for expressing critical temporal requirements, such as safety conditions and response time. However, STL's expressivity is not sufficient to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hongkai Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Shouvik Roy , Ezio Bartocci , Scott A. Smolka , Scott D. Stoller , Shan Lin

We investigate how formal temporal logic specifications can enhance the safety and robustness of reinforcement learning (RL) control in aerospace applications. Using the open source AeroBench F-16 simulation benchmark, we train a Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hani Beirami , M M Manjurul Islam

Real-world robotic systems must comply with safety requirements in the presence of uncertainty. To define and measure requirement adherence, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a mathematically rigorous and expressive language. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Elizabeth Dietrich , Hanna Krasowski , Emir Cem Gezer , Roger Skjetne , Asgeir Johan Sørensen , Murat Arcak

We present a framework to interpret signal temporal logic (STL) formulas over discrete-time stochastic processes in terms of the induced risk. Each realization of a stochastic process either satisfies or violates an STL formula. In fact, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-08 Lars Lindemann , Nikolai Matni , George J. Pappas

Signal temporal logic (STL) provides a user-friendly interface for defining complex tasks for robotic systems. Recent efforts aim at designing control laws or using reinforcement learning methods to find policies which guarantee…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

This paper investigates continuous-time motion planning under Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. The goal is to generate smooth robot trajectories that satisfy high-level logical and timing requirements while respecting low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yu Chen , Ancheng Hou , Mingyang Feng , Xiao Yu , Xiang Yin

Signal temporal logic (STL) provides a powerful, flexible framework for specifying complex autonomy tasks; however, existing methods for planning based on STL specifications have difficulty scaling to long-horizon tasks and are not robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Charles Dawson , Chuchu Fan

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a convenient formalism to express bounded horizon properties of autonomous critical systems. STL extends LTL to real-valued signals and associates a non-singleton bound interval to each temporal operators. In…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Céline Bellanger , Pierre-Loïc Garoche , Matthieu Martel , Célia Picard

To express temporal properties of dense-time real-valued signals, the Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has been defined by Maler et al. The work presented a monitoring algorithm deciding the satisfiability of STL formulae on finite discrete…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2012-08-21 Petr Dluhoš , Luboš Brim , David Šafránek

We extend Signal Temporal Logic (STL) to enable the specification of importance and priorities. The extension, called Weighted STL (wSTL), has the same qualitative (Boolean) semantics as STL, but additionally defines weights associated with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-05 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Autonomous agents often operate in uncertain environments where their decisions are made based on beliefs over states of targets. We are interested in controller synthesis for complex tasks defined over belief spaces. Designing such…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Chanyeol Yoo , Calin Belta

This paper considers robot motion planning under temporal logic constraints in probabilistic maps obtained by semantic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The uncertainty in a map distribution presents a great challenge for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jie Fu , Nikolay Atanasov , Ufuk Topcu , George J. Pappas

This paper proposes an optimization-based task and motion planning framework, named "Logic Network Flow", to integrate signal temporal logic (STL) specifications into efficient mixed-binary linear programmings. In this framework, temporal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xuan Lin , Jiming Ren , Samuel Coogan , Ye Zhao

In this paper, we consider the problem of synthesizing a controller in the presence of uncertainty such that the resulting closed-loop system satisfies certain hard constraints while optimizing certain (soft) performance objectives. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Navid Hashemi , Xin Qin , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Danil Prokhorov , Tomoya Yamaguchi

Reinforcement learning has been applied to many interesting problems such as the famous TD-gammon and the inverted helicopter flight. However, little effort has been put into developing methods to learn policies for complex persistent tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Xiao Li , Calin Belta

This paper introduces a new framework for synthesizing time-varying control barrier functions (TV-CBFs) for general Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications using spatiotemporal tubes (STT). We first formulate the STT synthesis as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Ratnangshu Das , Subhodeep Choudhury , Pushpak Jagtap

Signal temporal logic (STL) is a powerful formalism for specifying various temporal properties in dynamical systems. However, existing methods, such as mixed-integer programming and nonlinear programming, often struggle to efficiently solve…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Yoshinari Takayama , Kazumune Hashimoto , Toshiyuki Ohtsuka