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Unsupervised pre-training was a critical technique for training deep neural networks years ago. With sufficient labeled data and modern training techniques, it is possible to train very deep neural networks from scratch in a purely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Jianfeng Dong , Xiao-Jiao Mao , Chunhua Shen , Yu-Bin Yang

The remarkable success of today's deep neural networks highly depends on a massive number of correctly labeled data. However, it is rather costly to obtain high-quality human-labeled data, leading to the active research area of training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jiacheng Wang , Yue Ma , Shuang Gao

Self-training algorithms, which train a model to fit pseudolabels predicted by another previously-learned model, have been very successful for learning with unlabeled data using neural networks. However, the current theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Colin Wei , Kendrick Shen , Yining Chen , Tengyu Ma

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

In text classification tasks, fine tuning pretrained language models like BERT and GPT-3 yields competitive accuracy; however, both methods require pretraining on large text datasets. In contrast, general topic modeling methods possess the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Weijie Xu , Xiaoyu Jiang , Jay Desai , Bin Han , Fuqin Yan , Francis Iannacci

Self-supervised representation learning solves auxiliary prediction tasks (known as pretext tasks) without requiring labeled data to learn useful semantic representations. These pretext tasks are created solely using the input features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei , Nikunj Saunshi , Jiacheng Zhuo

Recent advances in semi-supervised learning have shown tremendous potential in overcoming a major barrier to the success of modern machine learning algorithms: access to vast amounts of human-labeled training data. Previous algorithms based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Phi Vu Tran

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

In few-shot classification, we are interested in learning algorithms that train a classifier from only a handful of labeled examples. Recent progress in few-shot classification has featured meta-learning, in which a parameterized model for…

Self-attentive neural syntactic parsers using contextualized word embeddings (e.g. ELMo or BERT) currently produce state-of-the-art results in joint parsing and disfluency detection in speech transcripts. Since the contextualized word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Paria Jamshid Lou , Mark Johnson

Semi-supervised 3D object detection is a common strategy employed to circumvent the challenge of manually labeling large-scale autonomous driving perception datasets. Pseudo-labeling approaches to semi-supervised learning adopt a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Philip Jacobson , Yichen Xie , Mingyu Ding , Chenfeng Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan , Ming C. Wu

Many tasks in natural language processing can be viewed as multi-label classification problems. However, most of the existing models are trained with the standard cross-entropy loss function and use a fixed prediction policy (e.g., a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jiawei Wu , Wenhan Xiong , William Yang Wang

The rapid growth of user-generated text across digital platforms has intensified the need for interpretable models capable of fine-grained text classification and explanation. Existing prototype-based models offer intuitive explanations but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Utsav Kumar Nareti , Suraj Kumar , Soumya Pandey , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Chandranath Adak , Sankha Subhra Mullick

The goal of this paper is to investigate the connection between the performance gain that can be obtained by selftraining and the similarity between the corpora used in this approach. Self-training is a semi-supervised technique designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-01-14 Vincent Van Asch , Walter Daelemans

We propose the application of a semi-supervised learning method to improve the performance of acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition based on deep neural net- works. As opposed to unsupervised initialisation followed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-04 Akash Kumar Dhaka , Giampiero Salvi

Semi-supervised learning lately has shown much promise in improving deep learning models when labeled data is scarce. Common among recent approaches is the use of consistency training on a large amount of unlabeled data to constrain model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Qizhe Xie , Zihang Dai , Eduard Hovy , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le

The spontaneous behavior that often occurs in conversations makes speech more human-like compared to reading-style. However, synthesizing spontaneous-style speech is challenging due to the lack of high-quality spontaneous datasets and the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Weiqin Li , Shun Lei , Qiaochu Huang , Yixuan Zhou , Zhiyong Wu , Shiyin Kang , Helen Meng

Semi-supervised learning methods are motivated by the availability of large datasets with unlabeled features in addition to labeled data. Unlabeled data is, however, not guaranteed to improve classification performance and has in fact been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Xiuming Liu , Dave Zachariah , Johan Wågberg , Thomas B. Schön

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of not classified data, to perform classification, in situations when, typically, the labelled data are few. Even though this is not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach where the data itself provides supervision, eliminating the need for external labels. The model is forced to learn about the data structure or context by solving a pretext task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Markus Marks , Manuel Knott , Neehar Kondapaneni , Elijah Cole , Thijs Defraeye , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Pietro Perona