Related papers: Euclidean numbers and numerosities
Both classical and respectively quantum observables can be modeled as somewhat similar examples of random variables. In such a model the associated measurements preserve the values spectrum of an observable but change the corresponding…
The inevitable noise in real measurements motivates the problem to continuously quantify the similarity between rigid objects such as periodic time series and proteins given by ordered points and considered up to isometry maintaining…
We collect several foundational results regarding the interaction between locally compact spaces, probability spaces and probability algebras, and commutative $C^*$-algebras and von Neumann algebras equipped with traces, in the…
The idea of using measure theoretic concepts to investigate the size of number theoretic sets, originating with E. Borel, has been used for nearly a century. It has led to the development of the theory of metrical Diophantine approximation,…
A statistical measure is given expressing relative occurrences of quantities within a given data set. Application of this measure on several real life physical data sets and some abstract distributions are shown to yield consistent results.…
Euclidean quantum gravity is reconsidered, in the conformal mode approximation. Applying techniques from glass theory, we argue that the Euclidean partition function hides metastable states, which can be counted. This may reconcile…
We discuss the dominant terms of the relativistic galaxy number counts to second order in cosmological perturbation theory on sub-Hubble scales and on intermediate to large redshifts. In particular, we determine their contribution to the…
The multiplicative theory of a set of numbers (which could be natural, integer, rational, real or complex numbers) is the first-order theory of the structure of that set with (solely) the multiplication operation (that set is taken to be…
First order formulas in a relational signature can be considered as operations on the relations of an underlying set, giving rise to multisorted algebras we call first order algebras. We present universal axioms so that an algebra satisfies…
Let $A(n,m)$ denote the Eulerian numbers, which count the number of permutations on $[n]$ with exactly $m$ descents. It is well known that $A(n,m)$ also counts the number of permutations on $[n]$ with exactly $m$ excedances. In this report,…
We study algorithmic randomness notions via effective versions of almost-everywhere theorems from analysis and ergodic theory. The effectivization is in terms of objects described by a computably enumerable set, such as lower semicomputable…
Based on the intuitive notion of convexity, we formulate a universal property defining interval objects in a category with finite products. Interval objects are structures corresponding to closed intervals of the real line, but their…
Experience shows that disciplinary science cannot describe life without contradictions. We show that one of the fundamental reasons is the disciplinarity itself: the disciplines deal with a limited set of quantities. This way some 'outlaw'…
The paper, that continuous some previous work of Sch\"onherr & Schuricht, treats density measures on ${\mathbb R}^n$ that concentrate in any neighborhood of a Lebesgue null set. Such measures are typical for purely finitely additive…
We prove a number of results motivated by global questions of uniformity in computability theory, and universality of countable Borel equivalence relations. Our main technical tool is a game for constructing functions on free products of…
We show that the embeddability relations for countable quandles and for countable fields of any given characteristic other than 2 are maximally complex in a strong sense: they are invariantly universal. This notion from the theory of Borel…
We discuss analogies between number theory and the theory of dynamical systems on spaces with a one-codimensional foliation. The emphasis is on comparing the "explicit formulas" of analytic number theory with certain dynamical Lefschetz…
For a measurable function on a set which has a finite measure, an inequality holds between two Lp-norms. In this paper, we show similar inequalities for the Euclidean space and the Lebesgue measure by using a q-moment which is a moment of…
In this paper, we give an axiomatization of the ordinal number system, in the style of Dedekind's axiomatization of the natural number system. The latter is based on a structure $(N,0,s)$ consisting of a set $N$, a distinguished element…
We give a extensive account of a recent new way of applying the Dirichlet form theory to random Poisson measures. The main application is to obtain existence of density for thelaws of random functionals of L\'evy processes or solutions of…