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Social media companies as well as authorities make extensive use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to monitor postings of hate speech, celebrations of violence or profanity. Since AI software requires massive volumes of data to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan

In the online world, Machine Translation (MT) systems are extensively used to translate User-Generated Text (UGT) such as reviews, tweets, and social media posts, where the main message is often the author's positive or negative attitude…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan , Emad Mohamed , Ashraf Tantawy

Machine translation (MT) of user-generated content (UGC) poses unique challenges, including handling slang, emotion, and literary devices like irony and sarcasm. Evaluating the quality of these translations is challenging as current metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orăsan , Diptesh Kanojia , Félix do Carmo

Sentiment classification has been crucial for many natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as the analysis of movie reviews, tweets, or customer feedback. A sufficiently large amount of data is required to build a robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Alberto Poncelas , Pintu Lohar , Andy Way , James Hadley

Automatic metrics for evaluating translation quality are typically validated by measuring how well they correlate with human assessments. However, correlation methods tend to capture only the ability of metrics to differentiate between good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sweta Agrawal , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

This work takes a critical look at the evaluation of user-generated content automatic translation, the well-known specificities of which raise many challenges for MT. Our analyses show that measuring the average-case performance using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 José Carlos Rosales Núñez , Djamé Seddah , Guillaume Wisniewski

Recently, sentiment-aware pre-trained language models (PLMs) demonstrate impressive results in downstream sentiment analysis tasks. However, they neglect to evaluate the quality of their constructed sentiment representations; they just…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jaemin Kim , Yohan Na , Kangmin Kim , Sang Rak Lee , Dong-Kyu Chae

The explosion of user-generated content (UGC)--e.g. social media posts, comments, and reviews--has motivated the development of NLP applications tailored to these types of informal texts. Prevalent among these applications have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alex Jones , Derry Tanti Wijaya

Although emotions are universal concepts, transferring the different shades of emotion from one language to another may not always be straightforward for human translators, let alone for machine translation systems. Moreover, the cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan , Rocio Caro Quintana , Felix do Carmo , Leonardo Zilio

Biases induced to text by generative models have become an increasingly large topic in recent years. In this paper we explore how machine translation might introduce a bias in sentiments as classified by sentiment analysis models. For this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Kai Hartung , Aaricia Herygers , Shubham Kurlekar , Khabbab Zakaria , Taylan Volkan , Sören Gröttrup , Munir Georges

Since the advent of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) approaches there has been a tremendous improvement in the quality of automatic translation. However, NMT output still lacks accuracy in some low-resource languages and sometimes makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan

We present an interactive machine translation (MT) system designed for users who are not proficient in the target language. It aims to improve trustworthiness and explainability by identifying potentially mistranslated words and allowing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kenneth J. Sible , David Chiang

The high-quality translation results produced by machine translation (MT) systems still pose a huge challenge for automatic evaluation. Current MT evaluation pays the same attention to each sentence component, while the questions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Runzhe Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Automatic machine translation (MT) metrics are widely used to distinguish the translation qualities of machine translation systems across relatively large test sets (system-level evaluation). However, it is unclear if automatic metrics are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Nikita Moghe , Tom Sherborne , Mark Steedman , Alexandra Birch

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics assess translation quality automatically. Recently, researchers have employed MT metrics for various new use cases, such as data filtering and translation re-ranking. However, most MT metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

Social media platforms enable large-scale cross-lingual communication, but translating user-generated content (UGC) remains challenging due to its informal style, cultural references, and interaction-based expressions. While recent LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linjuan Wu , Ruiqi Zhang , Xinze Lyu , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Yixin Cao , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Sentiment analysis is a very important natural language processing activity in which one identifies the polarity of a text, whether it conveys positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Along with the growth of social media and the Internet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Meysam Shirdel Bilehsavar , Negin Mahmoudi , Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Kiana Kiashemshaki

In this paper, we focus on how current Machine Translation (MT) tools perform on the translation of emotion-loaded texts by evaluating outputs from Google Translate according to a framework proposed in this paper. We propose this evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Shenbin Qian , Constantin Orasan , Felix do Carmo , Qiuliang Li , Diptesh Kanojia

A confidence measure is able to estimate the reliability of an hypothesis provided by a machine translation system. The problem of confidence measure can be seen as a process of testing : we want to decide whether the most probable sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-02-09 Sylvain Raybaud , Caroline Lavecchia , David Langlois , Kamel Smaïli

Large language models have demonstrated parallel and even superior translation performance compared to neural machine translation (NMT) systems. However, existing comparative studies between them mainly rely on automated metrics, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaokun Jiang , Qianxi Lv , Ziyin Zhang , Lei Lei
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