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This paper addresses the problems of minimizing the sum of a quadratic function and a proximal-friendly nonconvex nonsmooth function. While the existing Proximal Dogleg Opportunistic Majorization (PDOM) algorithm for these problems offers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Feifei Zhao , Qingsong Wang , Mingcai Ding , Zheng Peng

The question of a possible excitation and emergence of fractional type dynamics, as a more realistic framework for understanding emergence of complex systems, directly from a conventional integral order dynamics, in the form a continuous…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Dhurjati Prasad Datta , Soma Sarkar , Santanu Raut

Layer normalization (LN) is an essential component of modern neural networks. While many alternative techniques have been proposed, none of them have succeeded in replacing LN so far. The latest suggestion in this line of research is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Felix Stollenwerk

Functional depth is used for ranking functional observations from most outlying to most typical. The ranks produced by functional depth have been proposed as the basis for functional classifiers, rank tests, and data visualization…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-02 James P. Long , Jianhua Z. Huang

Recently proposed methods for implicitly representing signals such as images, scenes, or geometries using coordinate-based neural network architectures often do not leverage the choice of activation functions, or do so only to a limited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Danzel Serrano , Jakub Szymkowiak , Przemyslaw Musialski

Activation functions are critical components in deep neural networks, directly influencing gradient flow, training stability, and model performance. Traditional functions like ReLU suffer from dead neuron problems, while sigmoid and tanh…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sergii Kavun

Submodularity is a discrete domain functional property that can be interpreted as mimicking the role of the well-known convexity/concavity properties in the continuous domain. Submodular functions exhibit strong structure that lead to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Ehsan Tohidi , Rouhollah Amiri , Mario Coutino , David Gesbert , Geert Leus , Amin Karbasi

Successive linear transforms followed by nonlinear "activation" functions can approximate nonlinear functions to arbitrary precision given sufficient layers. The number of necessary layers is dependent on, in part, by the nature of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Andrei Nicolae

Activation functions shape the outputs of artificial neurons and, therefore, are integral parts of neural networks in general and deep learning in particular. Some activation functions, such as logistic and relu, have been used for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Johannes Lederer

This paper aims to understand the training solution, which is obtained by the back-propagation algorithm, of two-layer neural networks whose hidden layer is composed of the units with smooth activation functions, including the usual sigmoid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Changcun Huang

The choice of activation function can have a large effect on the performance of a neural network. While there have been some attempts to hand-engineer novel activation functions, the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) remains the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Garrett Bingham , William Macke , Risto Miikkulainen

Aiming to remedy the incorrect asymptotic behavior of conventional semilocal exchange-correlation (XC) density functionals for finite systems, we propose an asymptotic correction scheme, wherein an exchange density functional whose…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2013-05-17 Chi-Ruei Pan , Po-Tung Fang , Jeng-Da Chai

We introduce a continuous domain for function spaces over topological spaces which are not core-compact. Notable examples of such topological spaces include the real line with the upper limit topology, which is used in solution of initial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amin Farjudian , Achim Jung

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for modelling the diverse behavior of neurons. We introduce the conditional activation, in which a neurons activation function is dynamically modified by a control signal. We apply this method to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Albert Lee , Bonnie Lam , Wenyuan Li , Hochul Lee , Wei-Hao Chen , Meng-Fan Chang , Kang. -L. Wang

Automatic recognition of an online series of unsegmented actions requires a method for segmentation that determines when an action starts and when it ends. In this paper, a novel approach for recognizing unsegmented actions in online test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Zahra Gharaee

Activation functions and attention mechanisms are typically treated as having different purposes and have evolved differently. However, both concepts can be formulated as a non-linear gating function. Inspired by their similarity, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yimian Dai , Stefan Oehmcke , Fabian Gieseke , Yiquan Wu , Kobus Barnard

Monotonicity constraints are powerful regularizers in statistical modelling. They can support fairness in computer-aided decision making and increase plausibility in data-driven scientific models. The seminal min-max (MM) neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Christian Igel

Deep Metric Learning (DML) loss functions traditionally aim to control the forces of separability and compactness within an embedding space so that the same class data points are pulled together and different class ones are pushed apart.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Michael G. DeMoor , John J. Prevost

The layered structure of deep neural networks hinders the use of numerous analysis tools and thus the development of its interpretability. Inspired by the success of functional brain networks, we propose a novel framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Ben Zhang , Zhetong Dong , Junsong Zhang , Hongwei Lin

Recently, it has been shown that many functions on sets can be represented by sum decompositions. These decompositons easily lend themselves to neural approximations, extending the applicability of neural nets to set-valued inputs---Deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-09 Maximilian Soelch , Adnan Akhundov , Patrick van der Smagt , Justin Bayer