Related papers: Gaps, Ambiguity, and Establishing Complexity-Class…

Constraints over finite sequences of variables are ubiquitous in sequencing and timetabling. Moreover, the wide variety of such constraints in practical applications led to general modelling techniques and generic propagation algorithms,…

Many current applications in data science need rich model classes to adequately represent the statistics that may be driving the observations. But rich model classes may be too complex to admit estimators that converge to the truth with…

We work in set-theory without choice ZF. Denoting by AC(N) the countable axiom of choice, we show in ZF+AC(N) that the closed unit ball of a uniformly convex Banach space is compact in the convex topology (an alternative to the weak…

Sufficient conditions are developed, under which the compound Poisson distribution has maximal entropy within a natural class of probability measures on the nonnegative integers. Recently, one of the authors [O. Johnson, {\em Stoch. Proc.…

For any time bound f, let H(f) denote the hierarchy conjecture which means that the restriction of the numbers of work tapes of deterministic Turing machines to some b generates an infinite hierarchy of proper subclasses DTIME_b(f) \subset…

Complex classifiers may exhibit "embarassing" failures in cases where humans can easily provide a justified classification. Avoiding such failures is obviously of key importance. In this work, we focus on one such setting, where a label is…

We show that the decidability of the first-order theory of the language that combines Boolean algebras of sets of uninterpreted elements with Presburger arithmetic operations. We thereby disprove a recent conjecture that this theory is…

In [7] we proposed a non-generational conjectural derivation of all first class constraints (involving, only, variables compatible with canonical Poisson brackets) for realistic gauge (singular) field theories; and we verified the…

Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…

We introduce the notion of a `pure` Abstract Elementary Class to block trivial counterexamples. We study classes of models of bipartite graphs and show: Main Theorem (cf. Theorem 3.5.2 and Corollary 3.5.6): If $(\lambda_i : i \le…

In this article we prove three main theorems: (1) guessing models are internally unbounded, (2) for any regular cardinal $\kappa \ge \omega_2$, $\textsf{ISP}(\kappa)$ implies that $\textsf{SCH}$ holds above $\kappa$, and (3) forcing posets…

A novel selection principle was introduced by Dorantes-Aldama and Shakhmatov: a topological space $X$ is termed {\em selectively pseudocompact} if for any sequence $(U_n:n\in {\omega})$ of pairwise disjoint non-empty open sets of $X$, one…

We show that for any union-closed family $\mathcal{F} \subseteq 2^{[n]}, \mathcal{F} \neq \{\emptyset\}$, there exists an $i \in [n]$ which is contained in a $0.01$ fraction of the sets in $\mathcal{F}$. This is the first known constant…

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime. For any $m\geq 1$, there exist infinitely many $n$ such that $p_{n}-p_{n-m}\leq C_m$ for some large constant $C_m>0$, and $$p_{n+1}-p_n\geq \frac{c_m\log n\log\log n\log\log\log\log n}{\log\log\log n}, $$…

For $p$ being a large prime number, and $A \subset \mathbb{F}_p$ we prove the following: $(i)$ If $A(A+A)$ does not cover all nonzero residues in $\mathbb{F}_p$, then $|A| < p/8 + o(p)$. $(ii)$ If $A$ is both sum-free and satisfies $A =…

The fundamental result of Li, Long, and Srinivasan on approximations of set systems has become a key tool across several communities such as learning theory, algorithms, computational geometry, combinatorics and data analysis. The goal of…

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, this article discusses a new elementary argument that seems to prove that the maximal prime gap of a finite sequence of primes p_1, p_2, ..., p_n <= x, satisfies max {p_(n+1) - p_n : p_n <= x} <=…

For two strings u, v over some alphabet A, we investigate the problem of embedding u into w as a subsequence under the presence of generalised gap constraints. A generalised gap constraint is a triple (i, j, C_{i, j}), where 1 <= i < j <=…

Continual learning strives to ensure stability in solving previously seen tasks while demonstrating plasticity in a novel domain. Recent advances in continual learning are mostly confined to a supervised learning setting, especially in NLP…

In this note, we study a class of random subsets of positive integers induced by Bernoulli random variables. We obtain sufficient conditions such that the random set is almost surely lacunary, does not have bounded gaps and contains…