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This paper explores SynTOD, a new synthetic data generation approach for developing end-to-end Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) Systems capable of handling complex tasks such as intent classification, slot filling, conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Chris Samarinas , Pracha Promthaw , Atharva Nijasure , Hansi Zeng , Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems aim to achieve specific goals through interactive dialogue. Such tasks usually involve following specific workflows, i.e. executing a sequence of actions in a particular order. While prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Do June Min , Paloma Sodhi , Ramya Ramakrishnan

In current text-based task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, user emotion detection (ED) is often overlooked or is typically treated as a separate and independent task, requiring additional training. In contrast, our work demonstrates that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Armand Stricker , Patrick Paroubek

Task-oriented dialogue systems have been a promising area in the NLP field. Previous work showed the effectiveness of using a single GPT-2 based model to predict belief states and responses via causal language modeling. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Po-Nien Kung , Chung-Cheng Chang , Tse-Hsuan Yang , Hsin-Kai Hsu , Yu-Jia Liou , Yun-Nung Chen

Data scarcity is a long-standing and crucial challenge that hinders quick development of task-oriented dialogue systems across multiple domains: task-oriented dialogue models are expected to learn grammar, syntax, dialogue reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Paweł Budzianowski , Ivan Vulić

Traditional task-oriented dialog (ToD) systems rely heavily on labor-intensive turn-level annotations, such as dialogue states and policy labels, for training. This work explores whether large language models (LLMs) can be fine-tuned solely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Adib Mosharrof , Moghis Fereidouni , A. B. Siddique

Task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems facilitate users in accomplishing complex, multi-turn tasks through natural language. While instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on a range of single-turn NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Moghis Fereidouni , Md Sajid Ahmed , Adib Mosharrof , A. B. Siddique

Task-oriented dialog systems empower users to accomplish their goals by facilitating intuitive and expressive natural language interactions. State-of-the-art approaches in task-oriented dialog systems formulate the problem as a conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Adib Mosharrof , M. H. Maqbool , A. B. Siddique

Existing pipelined task-oriented dialogue systems usually have difficulties adapting to unseen domains, whereas end-to-end systems are plagued by large-scale knowledge bases in practice. In this paper, we introduce a novel query-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Xin Tian , Yingzhan Lin , Mengfei Song , Siqi Bao , Fan Wang , Huang He , Shuqi Sun , Hua Wu

In this work, we present a hybrid learning method for training task-oriented dialogue systems through online user interactions. Popular methods for learning task-oriented dialogues include applying reinforcement learning with user feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Bing Liu , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Pararth Shah , Larry Heck

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are required to identify key information from conversations for the completion of given tasks. Such information is conventionally specified in terms of intents and slots contained in task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jeffrey Zhao , Raghav Gupta , Yuan Cao , Dian Yu , Mingqiu Wang , Harrison Lee , Abhinav Rastogi , Izhak Shafran , Yonghui Wu

End-to-end task-oriented dialogue (EToD) can directly generate responses in an end-to-end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating popularity. The advancement of deep neural networks, especially the successful use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Libo Qin , Wenbo Pan , Qiguang Chen , Lizi Liao , Zhou Yu , Yue Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Min Li

Collection of annotated dialogs for training task-oriented dialog systems have been one of the key bottlenecks in improving current models. While dialog response generation has been widely studied on the agent side, it is not evident if…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Dustin Axman , Avik Ray , Shubham Garg , Jing Huang

One of the major impediments to the development of new task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems is the need for human evaluation at multiple stages and iterations of the development process. In an effort to move toward automated evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sam Davidson , Salvatore Romeo , Raphael Shu , James Gung , Arshit Gupta , Saab Mansour , Yi Zhang

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems are designed to help users achieve specific goals through natural language interaction. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved linguistic fluency and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shutong Feng , Hsien-chin Lin , Nurul Lubis , Carel van Niekerk , Michael Heck , Benjamin Ruppik , Renato Vukovic , Milica Gašić

End-to-end Task-Oriented Dialog (TOD) systems typically require extensive training datasets to perform well. In contrast, large language model (LLM) based TOD systems can excel even with limited data due to their ability to learn tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Vishal Vivek Saley , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Dinesh Raghu , Mausam

Task-oriented Dialog (ToD) systems have to solve multiple subgoals to accomplish user goals, whereas feedback is often obtained only at the end of the dialog. In this work, we propose SUIT (SUbgoal-aware ITerative Training), an iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Magdalena Kaiser , Patrick Ernst , György Szarvas

Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Ning Gao , Yuqin Dai , Ruiyuan Wu , Jinpeng Wang , Rena Wei Gao , Bingdong Tan , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang

Creating high-quality annotated data for task-oriented dialog (ToD) is known to be notoriously difficult, and the challenges are amplified when the goal is to create equitable, culturally adapted, and large-scale ToD datasets for multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Songbo Hu , Han Zhou , Mete Hergul , Milan Gritta , Guchun Zhang , Ignacio Iacobacci , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Conversational agents have traditionally been developed for either task-oriented dialogue (TOD) or open-ended chitchat, with limited progress in unifying the two. Yet, real-world conversations naturally involve fluid transitions between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yejin Yoon , Yuri Son , Namyoung So , Minseo Kim , Minsoo Cho , Chanhee Park , Seungshin Lee , Taeuk Kim