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Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of moving a team of agents to their goal locations without collisions. In this paper, we study the lifelong variant of MAPF, where agents are constantly engaged with new goal locations, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jiaoyang Li , Andrew Tinka , Scott Kiesel , Joseph W. Durham , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig

Finding near-optimal solutions for dense multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problems in real-time remains challenging even for state-of-the-art planners. To this end, we develop a hybrid framework that integrates a learned heuristic derived…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rishabh Jain , Keisuke Okumura , Michael Amir , Amanda Prorok

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) under one-shot planning is a core component of warehouse automation, yet classical formulations typically assume four-connected 2D grids with unit-time moves in four directions. To fill reality gaps while…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hiroki Nagai , Keisuke Okumura

We propose an extension to the MAPF formulation, called SocialMAPF, to account for private incentives of agents in constrained environments such as doorways, narrow hallways, and corridor intersections. SocialMAPF is able to, for instance,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Rohan Chandra , Rahul Maligi , Arya Anantula , Joydeep Biswas

Distributed Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) integrated with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a prominent research focus, enabling real-time cooperative decision-making in partially observable environments through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Guotao Li , Shaoyun Xu , Yuexing Hao , Yang Wang , Yuhui Sun

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a long-standing problem in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in which one needs to find a set of collision-free paths for a group of mobile agents (robots) operating in the shared workspace. Due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Zain Alabedeen Ali , Konstantin Yakovlev

Multi-Agent Path Finding in Continuous Time (\mapfr) extends the classical MAPF problem by allowing agents to operate in continuous time. Conflict-Based Search with Continuous Time (CCBS) is a foundational algorithm for solving \mapfr…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Andy Li , Zhe Chen , Danial Harabor , Mor Vered

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) has been widely used to solve large-scale real-world problems, e.g., automation warehouses. The learning-based, fully decentralized framework has been introduced to alleviate real-time problems and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Wenhao Li , Hongjun Chen , Bo Jin , Wenzhe Tan , Hongyuan Zha , Xiangfeng Wang

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), which focuses on finding collision-free paths for multiple robots, is crucial in autonomous warehouse operations. Lifelong MAPF (L-MAPF), where agents are continuously reassigned new targets upon completing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yimin Tang , Zhenghong Yu , Yi Zheng , T. K. Satish Kumar , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

The 2D Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem aims at finding collision-free paths for a number of agents, from a set of start locations to a set of goal positions in a known 2D environment. MAPF has been studied in theoretical computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Gleb Belov , Liron Cohen , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Daniel Harabor , Sven Koenig , Xinrui Wei

Typical Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) solvers assume that agents move synchronously, thus neglecting the reality gap in timing assumptions, e.g., delays caused by an imperfect execution of asynchronous moves. So far, two policies enforce…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Keisuke Okumura , Yasumasa Tamura , Xavier Défago

This study extends the recently-developed LaCAM algorithm for multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF). LaCAM is a sub-optimal search-based algorithm that uses lazy successor generation to dramatically reduce the planning effort. We present two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Keisuke Okumura

This paper investigates the multi-agent cooperative exploration problem, which requires multiple agents to explore an unseen environment via sensory signals in a limited time. A popular approach to exploration tasks is to combine active…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xinyi Yang , Yuxiang Yang , Chao Yu , Jiayu Chen , Jingchen Yu , Haibing Ren , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

We study two state-of-the-art solutions to the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem based on different principles -- multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, a recent MAPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Biswa Sengupta

In environments where many automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operate, planning efficient, collision-free paths is essential. Related research has mainly focused on environments with pre-defined passages, resulting in space inefficiency. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hiroya Makino , Yoshihiro Ohama , Seigo Ito

We tackle the problem of cooperative visual exploration where multiple agents need to jointly explore unseen regions as fast as possible based on visual signals. Classical planning-based methods often suffer from expensive computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Chao Yu , Xinyi Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is an essential component of many large-scale, real-world robot deployments, from aerial swarms to warehouse automation. However, despite the community's continued efforts, most state-of-the-art MAPF planners…

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-powered agents in multi-user settings underscores the need for reliable, usable methods to accommodate diverse preferences and resolve conflicting directives. Drawing on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Christine Lee , Jihye Choi , Bilge Mutlu

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths, one for each agent in a shared environment. Its objective is to minimize the sum of path costs (SOC), where the path cost of each agent is defined as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shao-Hung Chan , Thomy Phan , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths for a team of agents. Although several MAPF methods which solve full-horizon MAPF have completeness guarantees, very few MAPF methods that plan partial…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tiannan Zhang , Rishi Veerapaneni , Shao-Hung Chan , Jiaoyang Li , Maxim Likhachev