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Multi-label (ML) classification is an actively researched topic currently, which deals with convoluted and overlapping boundaries that arise due to several labels being active for a particular data instance. We propose a classifier capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Anwesha Law , Ashish Ghosh

Existing semi-supervised medical segmentation co-learning frameworks have realized that model performance can be diminished by the biases in model recognition caused by low-quality pseudo-labels. Due to the averaging nature of their…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Yuanpeng He , Yali Bi , Lijian Li , Chi-Man Pun , Wenpin Jiao , Zhi Jin

Self-training is a simple yet effective method within semi-supervised learning. The idea is to iteratively enhance training data by adding pseudo-labeled data. Its generalization performance heavily depends on the selection of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-03 Julian Rodemann , Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Thomas Augustin

Multi-label learning deals with the classification problems where each instance can be assigned with multiple labels simultaneously. Conventional multi-label learning approaches mainly focus on exploiting label correlations. It is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Xiangnan Kong , Zhaoming Wu , Li-Jia Li , Ruofei Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Hang Wu , Wei Fan

Several works in computer vision have demonstrated the effectiveness of active learning for adapting the recognition model when new unlabeled data becomes available. Most of these works consider that labels obtained from the annotator are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sudipta Paul , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Improving performance in multiple domains is a challenging task, and often requires significant amounts of data to train and test models. Active learning techniques provide a promising solution by enabling models to select the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Anand Gokul Mahalingam , Aayush Shah , Akshay Gulati , Royston Mascarenhas , Rakshitha Panduranga

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Islam Nassar , Samitha Herath , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari

Partial Multi-label Learning (PML) aims to induce the multi-label predictor from datasets with noisy supervision, where each training instance is associated with several candidate labels but only partially valid. To address the noisy issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ximing Li , Yang Wang

In reality, data often exhibit associations with multiple labels, making multi-label learning (MLL) become a prominent research topic. The last two decades have witnessed the success of MLL, which is indispensable from complete and accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiang Li , Jiexi Liu , Xinrui Wang , Songcan Chen

Multi-label classification (MLC) is a supervised learning problem in which, contrary to standard multiclass classification, an instance can be associated with several class labels simultaneously. In this chapter, we advocate a rule-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Eneldo Loza Mencía , Johannes Fürnkranz , Eyke Hüllermeier , Michael Rapp

Optimal design for model training is a critical topic in machine learning. Active Learning aims at obtaining improved models by querying samples with maximum uncertainty according to the estimation model for artificially labeling; this has…

Continual Learning aims to learn from a stream of tasks, being able to remember at the same time both new and old tasks. While many approaches were proposed for single-class classification, multi-label classification in the continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Davide Dalle Pezze , Denis Deronjic , Chiara Masiero , Diego Tosato , Alessandro Beghi , Gian Antonio Susto

Deep neural networks are highly susceptible to overfitting noisy labels, which leads to degraded performance. Existing methods address this issue by employing manually defined criteria, aiming to achieve optimal partitioning in each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wenzhen Zhang , Debo Cheng , Guangquan Lu , Bo Zhou , Jiaye Li , Shichao Zhang

Multi-label image recognition with partial labels (MLR-PL) is designed to train models using a mix of known and unknown labels. Traditional methods rely on semantic or feature correlations to create pseudo-labels for unidentified labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoxian Ruan , Zhihua Xu , Zhijing Yang , Guang Ma , Jieming Xie , Changxiang Fan , Tianshui Chen

Pseudo-labeling has emerged as a popular and effective approach for utilizing unlabeled data. However, in the context of semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL), conventional pseudo-labeling methods encounter difficulties when dealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ming-Kun Xie , Jia-Hao Xiao , Hao-Zhe Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

Real-world training data is often noisy; for example, human annotators assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm that allows training classifiers in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

In partial multi-label learning (PML), the true labels are unobserved, which makes label disambiguation important but difficult. A key challenge is that ambiguous candidate labels can propagate errors into downstream tasks such as feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hanlin Pan , Yuhao Tang , Wanfu Gao

Complementary-Label Learning (CLL) is a weakly-supervised learning problem that aims to learn a multi-class classifier from only complementary labels, which indicate a class to which an instance does not belong. Existing approaches mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Multi-label classification is an important learning problem with many applications. In this work, we propose a principled similarity-based approach for multi-label learning called SML. We also introduce a similarity-based approach for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Ryan A. Rossi , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Hoda Eldardiry , Rong Zhou

Learning from ambiguous labels is a long-standing problem in practical machine learning applications. The purpose of \emph{partial label learning} (PLL) is to identify the ground-truth label from a set of candidate labels associated with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jinfu Fan , Xiaohui Zhong , Kangrui Ren , Jiangnan Li , Linqing Huang