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Recent observations indicate that the mass of Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) correlate differently with different galaxy stellar components. Comparing such observations with the results of "ab initio" galaxy formation models can provide…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 Nicola Menci , Fabrizio Fiore , Angela Bongiorno , Alessandra Lamastra

Theoretical models of the evolution of supermassive black hole (SMBH) pairs in post-merger remnant galaxies are necessary to motivate observational searches for dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) and gravitational wave sources. Studies have…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-02 Sena Ghobadi , David Ballantyne , Tamara Bogdanovic

We investigate the rapid growth phase of supermassive black holes (BHs) within the hydrodynamical cosmological \eagle simulation. This non-linear phase of BH growth occurs within $\sim$$L_{*}$ galaxies, embedded between two regulatory…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-19 Stuart McAlpine , Richard G. Bower , David J. Rosario , Robert A. Crain , Joop Schaye , Tom Theuns

The realization of fundamental relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies would have profound implications in astrophysics. To add further context to studies of their co-evolution, an investigation is carried out to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-20 John Silverman , Junyao Li , Xuheng Ding

Observational data show that the correlation between supermassive black holes (MBH) and galaxy bulge (Mbulge) masses follows a nearly linear trend, and that the correlation is strongest with the bulge rather than the total stellar mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-16 Chien Y. Peng

We derive the mass function of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) over the redshift range 0<z<2, using the latest deep luminosity and mass functions of field galaxies. Applying this mass function, combined with the bolometric luminosity…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Yan-Rong Li , Jian-Min Wang , Luis C. Ho

Understanding the relationship between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies at different redshifts is crucial for unraveling the processes of SMBH-galaxy co-evolution. We present the properties of nine type 1 Active…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-03 Atsushi Hoshi , Toru Yamada

A positive observational proof suggests that most galaxies contain a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) with mass in the range of $10^6M_\odot$ $-$ $10^{10}M_\odot$. It is suggested that the mass of SMBHs is proportionally related to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-31 Aryan Bansal , Kiyotomo Ichiki , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Yoshiki Matsuoka

Episodic activity of quasars is driving growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) via accretion of baryon gas. In this Letter, we develop a simple method to analyse the duty cycle of quasars up to redshift $z\sim 6$ universe from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. M. Wang , Y. -M. Chen , C. -S. Yan , C. Hu

Understanding the connection between galaxy properties and their central massive black holes (MBHs) is key to unveiling their co-evolution. We use the ${\tt L{-}Galaxies{-} \it BH}$ semi-analytical model and the ${\tt Millennium}$ suite of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 David Izquierdo-Villalba

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary systems are unavoidable outcomes of galaxy mergers. Their dynamics encode information about their formation and growth, the composition of their host galactic nuclei, the evolution of galaxies, and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Hanxi Wang , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Bence Kocsis

We examine the scaling relations between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and its host galaxy properties at $1.2<z<1.7$ using both observational data and simulations. Recent measurements of 32 X-ray-selected broad-line Active…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-11 Xuheng Ding , Tommaso Treu , John D. Silverman , Aklant K. Bhowmick , N. Menci , Tiziana Di Matteo

The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) massive enough to power the bright redshift ~6 quasars observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are thought to have assembled by mergers and/or gas accretion from less massive "seed" BHs. If the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Takamitsu Tanaka , Zoltán Haiman

We investigate the evolution of supermassive black hole mass (M_BH) and the host spheroid mass (M_sph) in order to track the history of the M_BH-M_sph relationship. The typical mass increase of M_BH is calculated by a continuity equation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Shota Kisaka , Yasufumi Kojima

(Abridged) The repeated discovery of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galactic bulges, and the discovery of relations between the SMBH mass (M) and the properties of these bulges, has been fundamental in directing our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 D. Batcheldor , A. M. Koekemoer

The spin is an important but poorly constrained parameter for describing supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Using the continuity equation of SMBH number density, we explicitly obtain the mass-dependent cosmological evolution of the radiative…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yan-Rong Li , Jian-Min Wang , Luis C. Ho

Growing Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) are believed to influence their parent galaxies in a negative way, terminating their growth by ejecting gas out before it could turn into stars. Here we present some of the most sophisticated SMBH…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Sergei Nayakshin , Kastytis Zubovas

The co-evolution of massive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies is well-established within the hierarchical galaxy formation paradigm. Large-scale cosmological simulations are an ideal tool to study the repeated BH mergers, accretion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 Stephanie Buttigieg , Debora Sijacki , Christopher J. Moore , Martin A. Bourne

We investigate the constraints on models of supermassive black hole (SMBH) and quasar formation obtainable from two recent observational developments: the discovery of luminous quasars at z~6, and estimates of the local mass density of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-17 J. M. Bromley , R. S. Somerville , A. C. Fabian

We study the population of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their effects on massive central galaxies in the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation. The employed model for SMBH growth and feedback…