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Related papers: On the Estimation Bias in Double Q-Learning

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In deep reinforcement learning, estimating the value function to evaluate the quality of states and actions is essential. The value function is often trained using the least squares method, which implicitly assumes a Gaussian error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Motoki Omura , Takayuki Osa , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Value function learning plays a central role in many state-of-the-art reinforcement-learning algorithms. Many popular algorithms like Q-learning do not optimize any objective function, but are fixed-point iterations of some variant of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Yihao Feng , Lihong Li , Qiang Liu

The use of target networks in deep reinforcement learning is a widely popular solution to mitigate the brittleness of semi-gradient approaches and stabilize learning. However, target networks notoriously require additional memory and delay…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Théo Vincent , Yogesh Tripathi , Tim Faust , Abdullah Akgül , Yaniv Oren , Melih Kandemir , Jan Peters , Carlo D'Eramo

This paper develops an inverse reinforcement learning algorithm aimed at recovering a reward function from the observed actions of an agent. We introduce a strategy to flexibly handle different types of actions with two approximations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Kun Li , Yanan Sui , Joel W. Burdick

A primary requirement for any reinforcement learning method is that it should produce policies that improve upon the initial guess. In this work, we show that the widely used Deep Q-Network (DQN) fails to satisfy this minimal criterion --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Aditya Gopalan , Gugan Thoppe

Algorithmic Bias can be due to bias in the training data or issues with the algorithm itself. These algorithmic issues typically relate to problems with model capacity and regularisation. This underestimation bias may arise because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 William Blanzeisky , Pádraig Cunningham

Recent studies claim that human behavior in a two-armed Bernoulli bandit (TABB) task is described by positivity and confirmation biases, implying that humans do not integrate new information objectively. However, we find that even if the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Prakhar Godara

In this paper, we establish a theoretical comparison between the asymptotic mean-squared error of Double Q-learning and Q-learning. Our result builds upon an analysis for linear stochastic approximation based on Lyapunov equations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Wentao Weng , Harsh Gupta , Niao He , Lei Ying , R. Srikant

This paper introduces new optimality-preserving operators on Q-functions. We first describe an operator for tabular representations, the consistent Bellman operator, which incorporates a notion of local policy consistency. We show that this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Marc G. Bellemare , Georg Ostrovski , Arthur Guez , Philip S. Thomas , Rémi Munos

We methodologically address the problem of Q-value overestimation in deep reinforcement learning to handle high-dimensional state spaces efficiently. By adapting concepts from information theory, we introduce an intrinsic penalty signal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Felix Leibfried , Jordi Grau-Moya , Haitham Bou-Ammar

This paper develops a sign-separated finite-time error analysis for constant step-size Q-learning. Starting from the switching-system representation, the error is decomposed into its componentwise negative and positive parts. The negative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Donghwan Lee

Some approaches to solving challenging dynamic programming problems, such as Q-learning, begin by transforming the Bellman equation into an alternative functional equation, in order to open up a new line of attack. Our paper studies this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Qingyin Ma , John Stachurski

Both the optimal value function and the optimal policy can be used to model an optimal controller based on the duality established by the Bellman equation. Even with this duality, no parametric model has been able to output both policy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Jicheng Shi , Yingzhao Lian , Colin N. Jones

$Q$-learning is one of the most fundamental reinforcement learning algorithms. It is widely believed that $Q$-learning with linear function approximation (i.e., linear $Q$-learning) suffers from possible divergence until the recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinyu Liu , Zixuan Xie , Shangtong Zhang

Distributional reinforcement learning algorithms have attempted to utilize estimated uncertainty for exploration, such as optimism in the face of uncertainty. However, using the estimated variance for optimistic exploration may cause biased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Taehyun Cho , Seungyub Han , Heesoo Lee , Kyungjae Lee , Jungwoo Lee

The vast majority of Reinforcement Learning methods is largely impacted by the computation effort and data requirements needed to obtain effective estimates of action-value functions, which in turn determine the quality of the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Théo Vincent , Daniel Palenicek , Boris Belousov , Jan Peters , Carlo D'Eramo

This paper develops a novel control-theoretic framework to analyze the non-asymptotic convergence of Q-learning. We show that the dynamics of asynchronous Q-learning with a constant step-size can be naturally formulated as a discrete-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Donghwan Lee , Jianghai Hu , Niao He

Pretraining reinforcement learning methods with demonstrations has been an important concept in the study of reinforcement learning since a large amount of computing power is spent on online simulations with existing reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Xiaoqin Zhang , Yunfei Li , Huimin Ma , Xiong Luo

Self-imitation learning motivated by lower-bound Q-learning is a novel and effective approach for off-policy learning. In this work, we propose a n-step lower bound which generalizes the original return-based lower-bound Q-learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Yunhao Tang

We propose a novel distributionally robust $Q$-learning algorithm for the non-tabular case accounting for continuous state spaces where the state transition of the underlying Markov decision process is subject to model uncertainty. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chung I Lu , Julian Sester , Aijia Zhang