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Due to the complicated background and noise of infrared images, infrared small target detection is one of the most difficult problems in the field of computer vision. In most existing studies, semantic segmentation methods are typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Yuhang Chen , Liyuan Li , Xin Liu , Xiaofeng Su , Fansheng Chen

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

Infrared small target detection is crucial for remote sensing applications like disaster warning and maritime surveillance. However, due to the lack of distinctive texture and morphological features, infrared small targets are highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jiayi Zuo , Songwei Pei , Qian Li

Recently, infrared small target detection (IRSTD) has been dominated by deep-learning-based methods. However, these methods mainly focus on the design of complex model structures to extract discriminative features, leaving the loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Qiankun Liu , Rui Liu , Bolun Zheng , Hongkui Wang , Ying Fu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces the inherent challenge of precisely localizing dim targets amid complex background clutter. While progress has been made, existing methods usually follow conventional strategies to downsample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qian Xu , Chi Zhang , Qiming Zhang , Xi Li , Haojuan Yuan , Mingjin Zhang

As an essential vision task, infrared small target detection (IRSTD) has seen significant advancements through deep learning. However, critical limitations in current evaluation protocols impede further progress. First, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Youwei Pang , Xiaoqi Zhao , Lihe Zhang , Huchuan Lu , Georges El Fakhri , Xiaofeng Liu , Shijian Lu

Infrared small target detection is a key technique in infrared search and tracking (IRST) systems. Although deep learning has been widely used in the vision tasks of visible light images recently, it is rarely used in infrared small target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Mingxin Zhao , Li Cheng , Xu Yang , Peng Feng , Liyuan Liu , Nanjian Wu

Infrared small-target detection (ISTD) is an important computer vision task. ISTD aims at separating small targets from complex background clutter. The infrared radiation decays over distances, making the targets highly dim and prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Jingchao Peng , Haitao Zhao , Kaijie Zhao , Zhongze Wang , Lujian Yao

Small target detection is an essential yet challenging task in defense applications, since differentiating low-contrast targets from natural textured and noisy environment remains difficult. To better take into account the contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hegarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Clara Barbanson

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is highly sensitive to sensor type, observation conditions, and the intrinsic properties of the target. These factors can introduce substantial variations in the distribution of acquired infrared image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yahao Lu , Yuehui Li , Xingyuan Guo , Shuai Yuan , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Detecting small targets in infrared images poses significant challenges in defense applications due to the presence of complex backgrounds and the small size of the targets. Traditional object detection methods often struggle to balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Arnaud Woiselle

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) faces two major challenges: a lack of discernible target texture and severe background clutter, which results in the background obscuring the target. To enhance targets and suppress backgrounds, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Hu , Mingyu Zhou , Shuai Yuan , Hongbo Hu , Zhenming Peng , Tian Pu , Xiying Li

Single-frame infrared small target detection is considered to be a challenging task, due to the extreme imbalance between target and background, bounding box regression is extremely sensitive to infrared small target, and target information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Bo Yang , Xinyu Zhang , Jian Zhang , Jun Luo , Mingliang Zhou , Yangjun Pi

Infrared small target detection faces the problem that it is difficult to effectively separate the background and the target. Existing deep learning-based methods focus on edge and shape features, but ignore the richer structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Xinyi Ying , Yimian Dai

In recent years, the detection of infrared small targets using deep learning methods has garnered substantial attention due to notable advancements. To improve the detection capability of small targets, these methods commonly maintain a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Qianchen Mao , Qiang Li , Bingshu Wang , Yongjun Zhang , Tao Dai , C. L. Philip Chen

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) has a wide range of applications in early warning, rescue, and guidance. However, CNN based deep learning methods are not effective at segmenting infrared small target (IRST) that it lack of clear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Peiwen Pan , Huan Wang , Chenyi Wang , Chang Nie

Detecting small to tiny targets in infrared images is a challenging task in computer vision, especially when it comes to differentiating these targets from noisy or textured backgrounds. Traditional object detection methods such as YOLO…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Arnaud Woiselle , Clara Barbanson

Small targets are often submerged in cluttered backgrounds of infrared images. Conventional detectors tend to generate false alarms, while CNN-based detectors lose small targets in deep layers. To this end, we propose iSmallNet, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Zhiheng Hu , Yongzhen Wang , Peng Li , Jie Qin , Haoran Xie , Mingqiang Wei

Learning-based infrared small object detection methods currently rely heavily on the classification backbone network. This tends to result in tiny object loss and feature distinguishability limitations as the network depth increases.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Xin Wu , Danfeng Hong , Jocelyn Chanussot

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) under complex backgrounds is a difficult problem, for the differences between targets and backgrounds are not easy to distinguish. Background reconstruction is one of the methods to deal with this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jingchao Peng , Haitao Zhao , Kaijie Zhao , Zhongze Wang , Lujian Yao