Related papers: Context based Roman-Urdu to Urdu Script Transliter…
Automatic language identification is a natural language processing problem that tries to determine the natural language of a given content. In this paper we present a statistical method for automatic language identification of written text…
The majority of online content is written in languages other than English, and is most commonly encoded in UTF-8, the world's dominant Unicode character encoding. Traditional compression algorithms typically operate on individual bytes.…
A line of a bilingual document page may contain text words in regional language and numerals in English. For Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of such a document page, it is necessary to identify different script forms before running an…
Machine translation is the task of translating texts from one language to another using computers. It has been one of the major tasks in natural language processing and computational linguistics and has been motivating to facilitate human…
Cross-lingual transfer in NLP is often hindered by the ``script barrier'' where differences in writing systems inhibit transfer learning between languages. Transliteration, the process of converting the script, has emerged as a powerful…
The conventional natural language processing approaches are not accustomed to the social media text due to colloquial discourse and non-homogeneous characteristics. Significantly, the language identification in a multilingual document is…
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a widely used pattern recognition application in numerous domains. There are several feature-rich, general-purpose OCR solutions available for consumers, which can provide moderate to excellent…
The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised important concerns about the factual reliability of their outputs, particularly in low-resource languages such as Urdu. Existing automated fact-checking systems are predominantly…
Text-to-speech (TTS) systems are an important component in voice-based e-commerce applications. These applications include end-to-end voice assistant and customer experience (CX) voice bot. Code-mixed TTS is also relevant in these…
Text editing frames grammatical error correction (GEC) as a sequence tagging problem, where edit tags are assigned to input tokens, and applying these edits results in the corrected text. This approach has gained attention for its…
The great amount of information that can be stored in electronic media is growing up daily. Many of them is got mainly by typing, such as the huge of information obtained from web 2.0 sites; or scaned and processing by an Optical Character…
Recent studies have shown that post-aligning multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) using alignment objectives on both original and transliterated data can improve crosslingual alignment. This improvement further leads to better…
Handwritten word recognition and spotting of low-resource scripts are difficult as sufficient training data is not available and it is often expensive for collecting data of such scripts. This paper presents a novel cross language platform…
Code understanding is a foundational capability in software engineering tools and developer workflows. However, most existing systems are designed for English-speaking users interacting via keyboards, which limits accessibility in…
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology finds applications in digitizing books and unstructured documents, along with applications in other domains such as mobility statistics, law enforcement, traffic, security systems, etc. The…
This literature review surveys the advancements of keyword spotting (KWS) technologies, specifically focusing on Urdu, Pakistan's low-resource language (LRL), which has complex phonetics. Despite the global strides in speech technology,…
Recognition of handwritten Roman characters and numerals has been extensively studied in the last few decades and its accuracy reached to a satisfactory state. But the same cannot be said while talking about the Devanagari script which is…
With the increased use of the internet and social networks for online discussions, the spread of toxic and inappropriate content on social networking sites has also increased. Several studies have been conducted in different languages.…
We present a language independent, unsupervised approach for transforming word embeddings from source language to target language using a transformation matrix. Our model handles the problem of data scarcity which is faced by many languages…
This article shows how the text characters that have multiple representations under the Unicode standard are treated by popular operating systems. Whilst most characters have a unique representation in Unicode, some characters such as the…