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We derive an analytical closed expression to compute the minimum distance (quantified by the angle of separation measured from the center of the Earth) between any two satellites located at the same altitude and in circular orbits. We also…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-30 Martín Avendaño , David Arnas , Richard Linares , Miles Lifson

Mega-constellations in Low Earth Orbit have the potential to revolutionise worldwide internet access. The concomitant potential of these mega-constellations to impact space sustainability, however, has prompted concern from space actors as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Calum Spring-Turner , Raj Thilak Rajan

This work provides a rigorous methodology for assessing the feasibility of spectrum sharing between large low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. For concreteness, we focus on the existing Starlink system and the soon-to-be-launched…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) are envisioned between satellites in upcoming satellite constellations, such as Phase I of SpaceX's Starlink. Within a constellation, satellites can establish LISLs with other satellites in the same…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu

This paper presents an analytical model for collision probability assessments between de-orbiting or injecting space objects and satellite constellations. Considering the first to be subjected to a continuous tangential acceleration, its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-15 Eduardo Maria Polli , Juan Luis Gonzalo , Camilla Colombo

In free-space optical satellite networks (FSOSNs), satellites can have different laser inter-satellite link (LISL) ranges for connectivity. Greater LISL ranges can reduce network latency of the path but can also result in an increase in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-11 Jintao Liang , Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Eylem Erdogan , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

We aim to provide satellite operators and researchers with an efficient means for evaluating and mitigating collision risk during the design process of mega-constellations. We first establish a baseline for evaluating various techniques for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Nathan Reiland , Aaron J. Rosengren , Renu Malhotra , Claudio Bombardelli

Orbiting low frequency antennas for radio astronomy (OLFAR) that capture cosmic signals in the frequency range below 30MHz could provide valuable insights on our Universe. These wireless swarms of satellites form a connectivity graph that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Oliver Nagy , Manish Pandey , Georgios Exarchakos , Mark Bentum , Remco van der Hofstad

The light from a source at a distance d will arrive at detectors separated by 100 AU at times that differ by as much as 120 (d/100 Mpc)^{-1} nanoseconds because of the curvature of the wavefront. At gigahertz frequencies, the arrival time…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-10 Kyle Boone , Matthew McQuinn

Driven by increasingly complete observational knowledge of systems of satellite galaxies, mutual spatial alignments and relations in velocities among satellites belonging to a common host have become a productive field of research. Numerous…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-08 Marcel S. Pawlowski

We present narrow-band observations of the H$\alpha$ emission in a sample of 31 satellite orbiting isolated giant spiral galaxies. The sample studied spans the range $-19<M_B <-15$ mag. The H$\alpha$ emission was detected in all the spiral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 C. M. Gutierrez , M. S. Alonso , J. G. Funes , M. B. Ribeiro

Starlink has rapidly emerged as the world's largest satellite constellation and the de facto reference system for low Earth orbit (LEO) networking research. Existing literature predominantly models Starlink as a static, symmetric, and fully…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Muaz Ali , Utkarsh Upadhyay , Sean McCormick , Joseph Hill , Beichuan Zhang

In photometry, the short-timescale stellar variability ("flicker"), such as that caused by granulation and oscillations, can reach amplitudes comparable to the transit depth of Earth-sized planets and is correlated over the typical transit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 S. Sulis , M. Lendl , S. Hofmeister , A. Veronig , L. Fossati , P. Cubillos , V. Van Grootel

The end-to-end connectivity patterns between two points on Earth are highly volatile if mediated via a Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. This is rooted in the enormous speeds at which satellites in LEO must travel relative to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Santiago Henn , Holger Hermanns , Andreas Schmidt

Quasar outflows might either quench (negative) or enhance (positive feedback) star formation in galaxies located in the quasar environment. The possible outcome depends on 4 parameters: the quasar ($\sigma$) and satellite ($\sigma_*$) halo…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-08 Andrea Ferrara , Tommaso Zana , Simona Gallerani , Laura Sommovigo

In the era of mega-constellations, the need for accurate and publicly available information has become fundamental for satellite operators to guarantee the safety of spacecrafts and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space environment. This study…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Katarina Dyreby , Francisco Caldas , Cláudia Soares

The distribution of small-scale magnetic fields in stellar photospheres is an important ingredient in our understanding of the magnetism of low mass stars. Their spatial distribution connects the field generated in the stellar interior with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-14 Ekaterina Ilin , Ruth Angus , Rodrigo Luger , Brett M. Morris , Florian U. Jehn

One of the greatest difficulties in astrophysics is the determination of the fundamental stellar parameters (FSPs), one of which is the initial mass fraction of helium (Y). However, given that Y can be measured spectroscopically in only a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Aldo A. R. Valcarce , Márcio Catelan , José R. De Medeiros

The impact of large-scale constellations of satellites, is a concern for ground-based astronomers. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of satellites in Low-Earth Orbit and this trend is set to continue. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-23 James Osborn , Laurence Blacketer , Matthew J. Townson , Ollie J. D. Farley

The accuracy requirements on station-keeping for constellations of free-flying collectors coupled as (future) imaging arrays in space for astrophysics applications are examined. The basic imaging element of these arrays is the two-element…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ronald J. Allen
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