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Scientific models hold the key to better understanding and predicting the behavior of complex systems. The most comprehensive manifestation of a scientific model, including crucial assumptions and parameters that underpin its usability, is…
Stellar population synthesis is an important method in the galaxy and star-cluster studies. In the stellar population synthesis models, stellar spectral library is necessary for the integrated spectra of the stellar population. Usually, the…
We present the single stellar population (SSP) synthesis results of our new synthetic stellar atmosphere models library with a spectral sampling of 0.3 A, covering the wavelength range from 3000 A to 7000 A for a wide range of metallicities…
This review deals with stellar population models computed by means of the evolutionary synthesis technique that was pioneered by Beatrice Tinsley roughly three decades ago. The focus is on the simplest models, the so called Simple Stellar…
This chapter describes how astronomical imaging survey data have become a vital part of modern astronomy, how these data are archived and then served to the astronomical community through on-line data access portals. The Virtual…
The analysis of experimental results with Python often requires writing many code scripts which all need access to the same set of functions. In a common field of research, this set will be nearly the same for many users. The qspec Python…
Population synthesis is essential for individual-level simulation in transport planning and socio-economic analysis, yet remains challenging due to the need to capture both statistical dependencies and high-level behavioral semantics.…
As generative models continue to evolve, detecting AI-generated images remains a critical challenge. While effective detection methods exist, they often lack formal interpretability and may rely on implicit assumptions about fake content,…
In this paper, we present MusPy, an open source Python library for symbolic music generation. MusPy provides easy-to-use tools for essential components in a music generation system, including dataset management, data I/O, data preprocessing…
At the most fundamental level, all digital images are just large arrays of numbers that can easily be manipulated by computer software. Specialized digital imaging software packages often use routines common to many different applications…
Natural microbial communities contain hundreds to thousands of interacting species. For this reason, computational simulations are playing an increasingly important role in microbial ecology. In this manuscript, we present a new…
Stellar population (SP) models are an essential tool to understand the observations of galaxies and clusters. One of the main ingredients of a SP model is a library of stellar spectra, and both empirical and theoretical libraries can been…
Low metallicity stellar populations are very abundant in the Universe, either as the remnants of the past history of the Milky Way or similar spiral galaxies, or the young low metallicity stellar populations that are being observed in the…
The basic assumptions behind Population Synthesis and Spectral Evolution models are reviewed. The numerical problems encountered by the standard population synthesis technique when applied to models with truncated star formation rates are…
We present a new version of the FIT3D and Pipe3D codes, two packages to derive properties of the stellar populations and the ionized emission lines from optical spectroscopy and integral field spectroscopy data respectively. The new codes…
The unabated mystique of large-scale neural networks, such as the CLIP dual image-and-text encoder, popularized automatically generated art. Increasingly more sophisticated generators enhanced the artworks' realism and visual appearance,…
Automated searches for strong gravitational lensing in optical imaging survey datasets often employ machine learning and deep learning approaches. These techniques require more example systems to train the algorithms than have presently…
We present an overview of Sherpa, an open source Python project, and discuss its development history, broad design concepts and capabilities. Sherpa contains powerful tools for combining parametric models into complex expressions that can…
In this chapter we discuss the population and spectral synthesis of stellar populations. We describe the method required to achieve such synthesis and discuss examples where inclusion of interacting binaries are vital to reproducing the…
Multiplexed imaging data are revolutionizing our understanding of the composition and organization of tissues and tumors. A critical aspect of such tissue profiling is quantifying the spatial relationship relationships among cells at…