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The presence of carbon-chain molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) has been known since the early 1970s and $>130$ such species have been identified to date, making up $\sim 43$% of the total of detected ISM molecules. They are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-15 Kotomi Taniguchi , Prasanta Gorai , Jonathan C. Tan

The local detection rate of interstellar objects can allow for estimations of the total number of similar objects bound by the Milky Way thin disk. If interstellar objects of artificial origin are discovered, the estimated total number of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

Since molecules are ubiquitous in space, the study of the 'Molecular Universe' could unfold the mystery of the existing Interstellar medium. Star formation is linked to the chemical evolution processes. Thus, an analysis of the formation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-29 Bratati Bhat

Understanding the distribution and properties of molecular clouds is crucial for tracing the structure and evolution of the interstellar medium and the large-scale morphology of the Milky Way. Here we present an all-sky catalog of 3,345…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-10 Tao Wang , Haibo Yuan , Bingqiu Chen , Guangxing Li , Bowen Huang , Helong Guo , Ruoyi Zhang

Diffuse and translucent molecular clouds fill a vast majority of the interstellar space in the galactic disk being thus the most typical objects of the Interstellar Medium (ISM). Recent advances in observational techniques of modern optical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-18 T. Weselak

Broadband spectroscopic observations with high sensitivity provide an unbiased way to detect emissions of molecules in space. We present deep observations from ~ 105.8 GHz to 113.6 GHz toward 50 Galactic massive star-forming regions using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-16 Xuefang Xu , Junzhi Wang , Qian Gou , Juan Li , Donghui Quan , Di Li , Fei Li , Chunguo Duan , Juncheng Lei

Interstellar hydrides -- that is, molecules containing a single heavy element atom with one or more hydrogen atoms -- were among the first molecules detected outside the solar system. They lie at the root of interstellar chemistry, being…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-05 Maryvonne Gerin , David A. Neufeld , Javier R. Goicoechea

The circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich AGB stars show a chemical complexity that is exemplified by the prototypical object IRC +10216, in which about 60 different molecules have been detected to date. Most of these species are carbon…

Almost 200 different species have been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) during the last decades, revealing not only simple species but complex molecules with more than 6 atoms. Other exotic compounds, like the weakly-bound dimer…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 A. Potapov , A. Sanchez-Monge , P. Schilke , U. U. Graf , Th. Moeller , S. Schlemmer

Far-infrared line and continuum fluxes are presented for a sample of 227 galaxies observed with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory. The galaxy sample includes normal star-forming systems, starbursts, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 James R. Brauher , Daniel A. Dale , George Helou

Episodic accretion in protostars leads to luminosity outbursts that end up heating their surroundings. This rise in temperature pushes the snow lines back, enabling the desorption of chemical species from dust grain surfaces, which may…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-17 P. Marchand , A. Coutens , J. Scigliuto , F. Cruz-Sáenz de Miera , A. Andreu , J. -C. Loison , Á. Kóspál , P. Ábrahám

Since 1995, more than 500 exoplanets have been detected using different techniques, of which 11 were detected with gravitational microlensing. Most of these are gravitationally bound to their host stars. There is some evidence of…

We carried out a search for new infrared star clusters, stellar groups and candidates using WISE images, which are very sensitive to dust emission nebulae. We report the discovery of 437 embedded clusters and stellar groups that show a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-27 Denilso Camargo , Eduardo Bica , Charles Bonatto

We present an update of the visible and near-infrared colour database of Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System (MBOSSes), which now includes over 2000 measurement epochs of 555 objects, extracted from over 100 articles. The list is fairly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 O. R. Hainaut , H. Boehnhardt , S. Protopapa

We investigated the physical properties of molecular clouds and star formation processes around infrared bubbles which are essentially expanding HII regions. We performed observations of 13 galactic infrared bubble fields containing 18…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 Qing-zeng Yan , Ye Xu , Bo Zhang , Deng-rong Lu , Xi Chen , Zheng-hong Tang

The physical and chemical conditions in Class 0/I protostars are fundamental in unlocking the protostellar accretion process and its impact on planet formation. The aim is to determine which physical components are traced by different…

Freeze-out of the gas phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in situ (H2O, NH3, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and more). This review summarizes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-09-23 Adwin Boogert , Perry Gerakines , Douglas Whittet

The main achievements, current developments and prospects of molecular studies in external galaxies are reviewed. They are put in the context of the results of several decades of studies of molecules in local interstellar medium, their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Alain Omont

The ExoMol project is dedicated to providing molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres. The ExoMol procedure uses a mixture of ab initio calculations and available laboratory data. The actual line lists are generated…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-14 Jonathan Tennyson , Sergei N. Yurchenko

Carbon chains are sometimes considered as possible carriers of some diffuse interstellar bands. Spectroscopic observations in UV band carried by spectrometer STIS fed with HST, give us the possibility to detect many interstellar molecules.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcin Dyrka , Bogdan Wszołek , Micha l Pawlikowski