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Quantum key distribution provides a promising solution for sharing secure keys between two distant parties with unconditional security. Nevertheless, quantum key distribution is still severely threatened by the imperfections of devices. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Shan-Feng Shao , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yuan-Mei Xie , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We present a method without decoy state to estimate faithfully and efficiently the yield and quantum bit error rate of single photon pulse for BB84 protocol. The numerical calculations show that key generation rate and maximal secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-04 Shi-Hai Sun , Cheng-Zu Li

In practical decoy-state quantum key distribution, the raw key length is finite. Thus, deviation of the estimated single photon yield and single photon error rate from their respective true values due to finite sample size can seriously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 H. F. Chau

Current implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) typically rely on prepare-and-measure (P&M) schemes. Unfortunately, these implementations are not completely secure, unless security proofs fully incorporate all imperfections of…

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary approach to secure communication, using the principles of quantum mechanics to establish unbreakable channels. Unlike traditional cryptography, which relies on the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Alec L. Riso , Karthik Thyagarajan , Connor Whiting , Katherine Jimenez

A realistic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol necessarily deals with finite resources, such as the number of signals exchanged by the two parties. We derive a bound on the secret key rate which is expressed as an optimization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-13 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Markus Mertz , Dagmar Bruß

The decoy-state high-dimensional quantum key distribution provides a practical secure way to share more private information with high photon-information efficiency. In this paper, based on detector-decoy method, we propose a detector-decoy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Hai-ze Bao , Wan-su Bao , Yang Wang , Rui-ke Chen , Chun Zhou , Mu-sheng Jiang , Hong-wei Li

The decoy-state method is a prominent approach to enhance the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that operate with weak coherent laser sources. Due to the limited transmissivity of single photons in optical fiber, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Daniil Trefilov , Xoel Sixto , Víctor Zapatero , Anqi Huang , Marcos Curty , Vadim Makarov

Decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) has convincingly been shown the core solution to secure key exchange. While standard BB84 protocol needs to prepare and measure all states of two complementary bases, which seriously restricts its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-19 Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

In the decoy quantum key distribution, we show that a smaller decoy intensity gives a better key generation rate in the asymptotic setting when we employ only one decoy intensity and the vacuum pulse. In particular, the counting rate of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Masahito Hayashi

We show that the three-intensity protocol for measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) can be done with different light intensities in {\em only one} basis. Given the fact that the exact values yields of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-03 Zong-Wen Yu , Yi-Heng Zhou , Xiang-bin Wang

Unconditionally secure communication, being pursued for thousands of years, however, hasn't been reached yet due to continuous competitions between encryption and hacking. Quantum key distribution (QKD), harnessing the quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Xiao-Ling Pang , Ai-Lin Yang , Chao-Ni Zhang , Jian-Peng Dou , Hang Li , Jun Gao , Xian-Min Jin

Coherent state photon sources are widely used in quantum information processing. In many applications, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), a coherent state is functioned as a mixture of Fock states by assuming its phase is continuously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-15 Zhu Cao , Zhen Zhang , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) is a novel protocol which eliminates all possible attacks on detector side and necessity of reference-frame alignment in source sides.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Feng-Yu Lu , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan , Rong Wang , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , De-Yong He

Quantum key distribution (QKD) takes advantage of fundamental properties of quantum physics to allow two distant parties to share a secret key; however, QKD is hampered by a distance limitation of a few hundred kilometers on earth. The most…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is theoretically secure using the principle of quantum mechanics; therefore, QKD is a promising solution for the future of secure communication. Although several experimental demonstrations of QKD have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Chunfeng Huang , Ye Chen , Long Jin , Minming Geng , Junwei Wang , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

In this paper, we consider continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols which use non-Gaussian modulations. These specific modulation schemes are compatible with very efficient error correction procedures, hence allowing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

Differential-phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the major QKD protocols that can be implemented with a simple setup using a laser source and a passive detection unit. Recently, an information-theoretic security proof…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-01 Akihiro Mizutani , Yuki Takeuchi , Kiyoshi Tamaki