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The difference in restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a clinically meaningful measure to quantify treatment effect in randomized controlled trials, especially when the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. Several frequentist…

Qatar has undergone distinct waves of COVID-19 infections, compounded by the emergence of variants, posing additional complexities. This research uniquely delves into the varied efficacy of existing vaccines and the pivotal role of…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-29 Elizabeth Amona , Indranil Sahoo , Edward Boone , Ryad Ghanam

Efficacy testing is a cornerstone of clinical trials, ensuring that medical interventions achieve their intended therapeutic effects. Over the decades, a wide range of statistical methodologies have been developed to address the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-04-13 Dhrubajyoti Ghosh , Samhita Pal

This paper develops a Bayesian approach for assessing equivalence and non-inferiority hypotheses in two-arm trials using relative belief ratios. A relative belief ratio is a measure of statistical evidence and can indicate evidence either…

Applications · Statistics 2014-01-20 Saman Muthukumarana , Michael Evans

During an epidemic outbreak of a new disease, the probability of dying once infected is considered an important though difficult task to be computed. Since it is very hard to know the true number of infected people, the focus is placed on…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Agustín Alvarez , Marina Fragalá , Marina Valdora

The paper focuses on econometrically justified robust analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets in different countries across the World. It provides the results of robust estimation and inference on predictive…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-14 Walter Distaso , Rustam Ibragimov , Alexander Semenov , Anton Skrobotov

A series of monte carlo studies were performed to assess the extent to which different inference procedures robustly output reasonable belief values in the context of increasing levels of judgmental imprecision. It was found that, when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Paul E. Lehner

The time varying effective reproduction number is an important parameter for communication and policy decisions during an epidemic. In this paper, we present new statistical methods for estimating the reproduction number based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Hans R. Künsch , Fabio Sigrist

Causal inference with time-to-event outcomes is fundamental in various scientific studies. In a static setup with fitted propensity scores, weighted Kaplan-Meier estimation for survival probabilities and weighted Breslow-Peto estimation for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Wenfu Xu , Yi Zhang , Tobias Gerhard , Zhiqiang Tan

In this paper, we propose a data-adaptive empirical likelihood-based approach for treatment effect estimation and inference, which overcomes the obstacle of the traditional empirical likelihood-based approaches in the high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-15 Wei Liang , Ying Yan

Bayesian statistics plays a pivotal role in advancing medical science by enabling healthcare companies, regulators, and stakeholders to assess the safety and efficacy of new treatments, interventions, and medical procedures. The Bayesian…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-04 Se Yoon Lee

We consider the recent surge of information on the potential benefits of acid-suppression drugs in the context of COVID-19, with an eye on the variability (and confusion) across the reported findings--at least as regards the popular antacid…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-27 Cameron Mura , Saskia Preissner , Robert Preissner , Philip E. Bourne

In randomized trials and observational studies, it is often necessary to evaluate the extent to which an intervention affects a time-to-event outcome, which is only partially observed due to right censoring. For instance, in infectious…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-16 Yutong Jin , Peter B. Gilbert , Aaron Hudson

The COVID-19 pandemic led several countries to resort to social distancing, the only known way to slow down the spread of the virus and keep the health system under control. Here we use an individual based model (IBM) to study how the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-18 Vitor M. Marquioni , Marcus A. M. de Aguiar

In this study, we present a new epidemiological model, with contamination from confirmed and unreported. We also compute equilibria and study their stability without intervention strategies. Optimal control theory has proven to be a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-14 Fulgence Mansal , Mouhamadou A. M. T. Baldé , Alpha O. Bah

The proximal causal inference framework enables the identification and estimation of causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding by leveraging two disjoint sets of observed strong proxies: negative control treatments and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Antonio Olivas-Martinez , Peter B. Gilbert , Andrea Rotnitzky

Background: The uptake of formalized prior elicitation from experts in Bayesian clinical trials has been limited due to challenges such as complex statistical modeling, lack of practical tools, and the cognitive burden placed on experts…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-15 Yongdong Ouyang , Janice J Eng , Denghuang Zhan , Hubert Wong , The WnW Research Team

We propose a restricted win probability estimand for comparing treatments in a randomized trial with a time-to-event outcome. We also propose Bayesian estimators for this summary measure as well as the unrestricted win probability. Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-06 Michelle Leeberg , Xianghua Luo , Thomas A. Murray

In estimating the causal effect of a continuous exposure or treatment, it is important to control for all confounding factors. However, most existing methods require parametric specification for how control variables influence the outcome…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-21 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , P. Richard Hahn , Jared S. Murray

Trial-based economic evaluations are typically performed on cross-sectional variables, derived from the responses for only the completers in the study, using methods that ignore the complexities of utility and cost data (e.g. skewness and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-21 Andrea Gabrio , Michael J. Daniels , Gianluca Baio