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Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

In Textual question answering (TQA) systems, complex questions often require retrieving multiple textual fact chains with multiple reasoning steps. While existing benchmarks are limited to single-chain or single-hop retrieval scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in the Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) task. However, datasets used in KBQA studies do not capture the true complexity of KBQA tasks. They either have simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Shicheng Liu , Sina J. Semnani , Harold Triedman , Jialiang Xu , Isaac Dan Zhao , Monica S. Lam

Existing question answering methods infer answers either from a knowledge base or from raw text. While knowledge base (KB) methods are good at answering compositional questions, their performance is often affected by the incompleteness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Rajarshi Das , Manzil Zaheer , Siva Reddy , Andrew McCallum

Understanding complex biomolecular mechanisms requires multi-step reasoning across molecular interactions, signaling cascades, and metabolic pathways. While large language models(LLMs) show promise in such tasks, their application to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tianwen Lyu , Xiang Zhuang , Keyan Ding , Xinzhe Cao , Lei Liang , Wei Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

The deductive closure of an ideal knowledge base (KB) contains exactly the logical queries that the KB can answer. However, in practice KBs are both incomplete and over-specified, failing to answer some queries that have real-world answers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Haitian Sun , Andrew O. Arnold , Tania Bedrax-Weiss , Fernando Pereira , William W. Cohen

Multi-hop question answering (MQA) is one of the challenging tasks to evaluate machine's comprehension and reasoning abilities, where large language models (LLMs) have widely achieved the human-comparable performance. Due to the dynamics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hengrui Gu , Kaixiong Zhou , Xiaotian Han , Ninghao Liu , Ruobing Wang , Xin Wang

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) has been a long-standing field to answer questions based on knowledge bases. Recently, the evolving dynamics of knowledge have attracted a growing interest in Temporal Knowledge Graph Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Miao Su , Zixuan Li , Zhuo Chen , Long Bai , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) aims to improve factual accuracy by leveraging structured knowledge. However, real-world Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are often incomplete, leading to the problem of Incomplete KGQA (IKGQA). A common…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jilong Liu , Pengyang Shao , Wei Qin , Fei Liu , Yonghui Yang , Richang Hong

Knowledge-based question answering (KBQA) is widely used in many scenarios that necessitate domain knowledge. Large language models (LLMs) bring opportunities to KBQA, while their costs are significantly higher and absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Junnan Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Chuang Zhou , Hao Chen , Daochen Zha , Xiao Huang

Search engines based on keyword retrieval can no longer adapt to the way of information acquisition in the era of intelligent Internet of Things due to the return of keyword related Internet pages. How to quickly, accurately and effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Gaochen Wu , Bin Xu , Yuxin Qin , Yang Liu , Lingyu Liu , Ziwei Wang

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

While question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has shown progress in addressing factoid questions, KBQA with numerical reasoning remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we focus on the complex numerical reasoning in KBQA and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Yuheng Bao , Shanshan Huang , Yuzhong Qu

Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) is a bi-modal task requiring external world knowledge in order to correctly answer a text question and associated image. Recent single modality text work has shown knowledge injection into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Diego Garcia-Olano , Yasumasa Onoe , Joydeep Ghosh

Recent advances in multimodal question answering have primarily focused on combining heterogeneous modalities or fine-tuning multimodal large language models. While these approaches have shown strong performance, they often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krishna Singh Rajput , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

As question answering (QA) systems advance alongside the rapid evolution of foundation models, the need for robust, adaptable, and large-scale evaluation benchmarks becomes increasingly critical. Traditional QA benchmarks are often static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Himanshu Naidu , Chirag Shah

Over the past few years, large knowledge bases have been constructed to store massive amounts of knowledge. However, these knowledge bases are highly incomplete. To solve this problem, we propose a web-based question answering system system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yang Peng , Daisy Zhe Wang

Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA) methods focus on tasks that demand reasoning with information extending beyond the explicit content depicted in the image. Early methods relied on explicit knowledge bases to provide this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohammad Mahdi Moradi , Sudhir Mudur

The question answering system can answer questions from various fields and forms with deep neural networks, but it still lacks effective ways when facing multiple evidences. We introduce a new model called SRQA, which means Synthetic Reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jiuniu Wang , Wenjia Xu , Xingyu Fu , Yang Wei , Li Jin , Ziyan Chen , Guangluan Xu , Yirong Wu

Relation detection is a core component for Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA). In this paper, we propose a KB relation detection model via multi-view matching which utilizes more useful information extracted from question and KB. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Yang Yu , Kazi Saidul Hasan , Mo Yu , Wei Zhang , Zhiguo Wang
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