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Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) methods aim at identifying, i.e. estimating, a quantum process. QPT is a major quantum information processing tool, since it especially allows one to experimentally characterize the actual behavior of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Yannick Deville , Alain Deville

Encoding quantum information into superpositions of multiple Fock states of a harmonic oscillator can provide protection against errors, but it comes with the cost of requiring more complex quantum gates that need to address multiple Fock…

Quantum process tomography (QPT), used to estimate the linear map that best describes a quantum operation, is usually performed using a priori assumptions about state preparation and measurement (SPAM), which yield a biased and inconsistent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Robin Blume-Kohout , Kenneth Rudinger , Timothy Proctor

We propose the regularized compressed double factorization (RC-DF) method to classically compute compressed representations of molecular Hamiltonians that enable efficient simulation with noisy intermediate scale (NISQ) and error corrected…

Analysis of quantum processes, especially in the context of noise, errors, and decoherence is essential for the improvement of quantum devices. An intuitive representation of those processes modeled by quantum channels are Pauli transfer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Lukas Hantzko , Lennart Binkowski , Sabhyata Gupta

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is a key quantum algorithm, which has been widely studied as a method to perform chemistry and solid-state calculations on future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Recently, several authors have proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Nick S. Blunt , Laura Caune , Róbert Izsák , Earl T. Campbell , Nicole Holzmann

We propose a non-convex optimization algorithm, based on the Burer-Monteiro (BM) factorization, for the quantum process tomography problem, in order to estimate a low-rank process matrix $\chi$ for near-unitary quantum gates. In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-01 David A. Quiroga , Anastasios Kyrillidis

We demonstrate complete characterization of a two-qubit entangling process - a linear optics controlled-NOT gate operating with coincident detection - by quantum process tomography. We use maximum-likelihood estimation to convert the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. L. O'Brien , G. J. Pryde , A. Gilchrist , D. F. V. James , N. K. Langford , T. C. Ralph , A. G. White

As a signal recovery algorithm, compressed sensing is particularly useful when the data has low-complexity and samples are rare, which matches perfectly with the task of quantum phase estimation (QPE). In this work we present a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-01 Changhao Yi , Cunlu Zhou , Jun Takahashi

The characterization of a unitary gate is experimentally accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to reconstruct the underlying operator. The process matrix is typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Tareq Jaouni , Francesco Di Colandrea , Lorenzo Amato , Filippo Cardano , Ebrahim Karimi

We report on the implementation of a quantum process tomography (QPT) technique known as direct characterization of quantum dynamics (DCQD) applied on coherent and incoherent single- qubit processes in a system of trapped calcium 40 ions.…

Quantum signal processing (QSP) is a powerful quantum algorithm to exactly implement matrix polynomials on quantum computers. Asymptotic analysis of quantum algorithms based on QSP has shown that asymptotically optimal results can in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Yulong Dong , Xiang Meng , K. Birgitta Whaley , Lin Lin

We present an algorithm for projecting superoperators onto the set of completely positive, trace-preserving maps. When combined with gradient descent of a cost function, the procedure results in an algorithm for quantum process tomography:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-07 George C. Knee , Eliot Bolduc , Jonathan Leach , Erik M. Gauger

A major challenge in developing quantum computing technologies is to accomplish high precision tasks by utilizing multiplex optimization approaches, on both the physical system and algorithm levels. Loss functions assessing the overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhen Wang , Yanzhu Chen , Zixuan Song , Dayue Qin , Hekang Li , Qiujiang Guo , H. Wang , Chao Song , Ying Li

We review single-qubit quantum process tomography for trace-preserving and nontrace-preserving processes, and derive explicit forms of the general constraints for fitting experimental data. These forms provide additional insight into the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-05 Ramesh Bhandari , Nicholas A. Peters

Accurately estimating observables on noisy quantum devices remains a central challenge for near-term quantum algorithms. While quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise-induced bias, they often rely on unverifiable assumptions…

We applied a method of compressed sensing to the observation of quasi-particle interference (QPI) by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to improve efficiency and save measurement time. To solve an ill-posed problem owing to the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Yoshinori Nakanishi-Ohno , Masahiro Haze , Yasuo Yoshida , Koji Hukushima , Yukio Hasegawa , Masato Okada

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

While quantum circuits are reaching impressive widths in the hundreds of qubits, their depths have not been able to keep pace. In particular, cloud computing gates on multi-qubit, fixed-frequency superconducting chips continue to hover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Boxi Li , Tommaso Calarco , Felix Motzoi

Quantum software testing is important for reliable quantum software engineering. Despite recent advances, existing quantum software testing approaches rely on simple test inputs and statistical oracles, costly program specifications, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Asmar Muqeet , Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini