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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in deep learning due to its computational efficiency, but a complete understanding of why SGD performs so well remains a major challenge. It has been observed empirically that most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Carmina Fjellström , Kaj Nyström

In this paper, we consider continuous-time stochastic optimal control problems where the cost is evaluated through a coherent risk measure. We provide an explicit gradient descent-ascent algorithm which applies to problems subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Gabriel Velho , Jean Auriol , Riccardo Bonalli

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods see many uses in optimization problems. Modifications to the algorithm, such as momentum-based SGD methods have been known to produce better results in certain cases. Much of this, however, is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Eric Lu

In this paper we analyze the behaviour of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a widely used method in supervised learning for optimizing neural network weights via a minimization of non-convex loss functions. Since the pioneering work of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Davide Barbieri , Matteo Bonforte , Peio Ibarrondo

Convergence detection of iterative stochastic optimization methods is of great practical interest. This paper considers stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with a constant learning rate and momentum. We show that there exists a transient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jerry Chee , Ping Li

In this paper we propose stochastic gradient-free methods and accelerated methods with momentum for solving stochastic optimization problems. All these methods rely on stochastic directions rather than stochastic gradients. We analyze the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-15 Xiaopeng Luo , Xin Xu

We analyze (stochastic) gradient descent (SGD) with delayed updates on smooth quasi-convex and non-convex functions and derive concise, non-asymptotic, convergence rates. We show that the rate of convergence in all cases consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Sebastian U. Stich , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been a go-to algorithm for nonconvex stochastic optimization problems arising in machine learning. Its theory however often requires a strong framework to guarantee convergence properties. We hereby…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Azar Louzi

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is a widely used approach for solving stochastic optimization problems, but its convergence is typically slow. Existing variance reduction techniques, such as SAGA, improve convergence by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Fabio Nobile , Matteo Raviola , Nathan Schaeffer

In a Hilbert setting, for convex differentiable optimization, we develop a general framework for adaptive accelerated gradient methods. They are based on damped inertial dynamics where the coefficients are designed in a closed-loop way.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Hedy Attouch , Radu Ioan Bot , Dang-Khoa Nguyen

This paper optimizes the step coefficients of first-order methods for smooth convex minimization in terms of the worst-case convergence bound (i.e., efficiency) of the decrease in the gradient norm. This work is based on the performance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Donghwan Kim , Jeffrey A. Fessler

Stochastic gradient methods have been a popular and powerful choice of optimization methods, aimed at minimizing functions. Their advantage lies in the fact that that one approximates the gradient as opposed to using the full Jacobian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Neil K. Chada , Philip J. Herbert

This paper studies the design of feedback controllers to steer a switching linear time-invariant dynamical system towards the solution trajectory of a time-varying convex optimization problem. We propose two types of controllers: (i) a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Gianluca Bianchin , Jorge I. Poveda , Emiliano Dall'Anese

In this paper, we provide a novel analytical perspective on the theoretical understanding of gradient-based learning algorithms by interpreting consensus-based optimization (CBO), a recently proposed multi-particle derivative-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Konstantin Riedl , Timo Klock , Carina Geldhauser , Massimo Fornasier

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which dates back to the 1950s, is one of the most popular and effective approaches for performing stochastic optimization. Research on SGD resurged recently in machine learning for optimizing convex loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Jie Chen , Ronny Luss

In this paper, we characterize the set of static-state feedbacks that stabilize a given continuous linear-time invariant system pair using dissipative Hamiltonian matrices. This characterization results in a parametrization of feedbacks in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-17 Nicolas Gillis , Punit Sharma

The convergence of policy gradient algorithms in reinforcement learning hinges on the optimization landscape of the underlying optimal control problem. Theoretical insights into these algorithms can often be acquired from analyzing those of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jingliang Duan , Wenhan Cao , Yang Zheng , Lin Zhao

The representation of functions by artificial neural networks depends on a large number of parameters in a non-linear fashion. Suitable parameters of these are found by minimizing a 'loss functional', typically by stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Stephan Wojtowytsch

We analyze the properties of gradient descent on convex surrogates for the zero-one loss for the agnostic learning of linear halfspaces. If $\mathsf{OPT}$ is the best classification error achieved by a halfspace, by appealing to the notion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Spencer Frei , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

From the perspective of control theory, the gradient descent optimization methods can be regarded as a dynamic system where various control techniques can be designed to enhance the performance of the optimization method. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Osama F. Abdel Aal , Necdet Sinan Ozbek , Jairo Viola , YangQuan Chen