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Building natural language (NL) interfaces for databases has been a long-standing challenge for several decades. The major advantage of these so-called NL-to-SQL systems is that end-users can query complex databases without the need to know…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ursin Brunner , Kurt Stockinger

Text-to-SQL allows experts to use databases without in-depth knowledge of them. However, real-world tasks have both query and data ambiguities. Most works on Text-to-SQL focused on query ambiguities and designed chat interfaces for experts…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zezhou Huang , Pavan Kalyan Damalapati , Eugene Wu

Text-to-SQL is a challenging task involving multiple reasoning-intensive subtasks, including natural language understanding, database schema comprehension, and precise SQL query formulation. Existing approaches often rely on handcrafted…

Recently, there has been increasing interest in synthesizing data to improve downstream text-to-SQL tasks. In this paper, we first examined the existing synthesized datasets and discovered that state-of-the-art text-to-SQL algorithms did…

Generating step-by-step "chain-of-thought" rationales has proven effective for improving the performance of large language models on complex reasoning tasks. However, applying such techniques to structured tasks, such as text-to-SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Mingqian He , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Addressing the mismatch between natural language descriptions and the corresponding SQL queries is a key challenge for text-to-SQL translation. To bridge this gap, we propose an SQL intermediate representation (IR) called Natural SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Yujian Gan , Xinyun Chen , Jinxia Xie , Matthew Purver , John R. Woodward , John Drake , Qiaofu Zhang

Generating accurate SQL queries for user questions (text-to-SQL) has been a long-standing challenge since it requires a deep understanding of both the user's question and the corresponding database schema in order to retrieve the desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Querying structured databases with natural language (NL2SQL) has remained a difficult problem for years. Recently, the advancement of machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and large language models (LLM) have led to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Zheng Ning , Yuan Tian , Zheng Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Toby Li

Explaining the decisions of AI has become vital for fostering appropriate user trust in these systems. This paper investigates explanations for a structured prediction task called ``text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing'', which translates a natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Daking Rai , Rydia R. Weiland , Kayla Margaret Gabriella Herrera , Tyler H. Shaw , Ziyu Yao

Suggesting similar questions for a user query has many applications ranging from reducing search time of users on e-commerce websites, training of employees in companies to holistic learning for students. The use of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Shriniwas Nayak , Anuj Kanetkar , Hrushabh Hirudkar , Archana Ghotkar , Sheetal Sonawane , Onkar Litake

Despite remarkable progress in text-to-SQL semantic parsing in recent years, the performance of existing parsers is still far from perfect. Specifically, modern text-to-SQL parsers based on deep learning are often over-confident, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shijie Chen , Ziru Chen , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Translating Natural Language Queries (NLQs) to Structured Query Language (SQL) in interfaces deployed in relational databases is a challenging task, which has been widely studied in database community recently. Conventional rule based…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Arif Usta , Akifhan Karakayali , Özgür Ulusoy

The text-to-SQL task is an active challenge in Natural Language Processing. Many existing solutions focus on using black-box language models extended with specialized components within customized end-to-end text-to-SQL pipelines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alicja Rączkowska , Riccardo Belluzzo , Piotr Zieliński , Joanna Baran , Paweł Olszewski

Many real-world applications require making multiple predictions from the same text. Fine-tuning a large pre-trained language model for each downstream task causes computational burdens in the inference time due to several times of forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Kuan-Hao Huang , Liang Tan , Rui Hou , Sinong Wang , Amjad Almahairi , Ruty Rinott

The task of semantic parsing is highly useful for dialogue and question answering systems. Many datasets have been proposed to map natural language text into SQL, among which the recent Spider dataset provides cross-domain samples with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Qingkai Min , Yuefeng Shi , Yue Zhang

In this paper, we study the problem of knowledge-intensive text-to-SQL, in which domain knowledge is necessary to parse expert questions into SQL queries over domain-specific tables. We formalize this scenario by building a new Chinese…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Longxu Dou , Yan Gao , Xuqi Liu , Mingyang Pan , Dingzirui Wang , Wanxiang Che , Dechen Zhan , Min-Yen Kan , Jian-Guang Lou

Biomedical researchers increasingly rely on large-scale structured databases for complex analytical tasks. However, current text-to-SQL systems often struggle to map qualitative scientific questions into executable SQL, particularly when…

In recent years, the task of cross-domain, context-dependent text-to-SQL has received significant attention. Enables users with no prior knowledge of SQL to have a conversation with databases using natural language. However, most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Saleh Almohaimeed , May Alsofyani , Saad Almohaimeed , Mansour Al Ghanim , Liqiang Wang

Natural Language to SQL (i.e., NL2SQL) translation is crucial for democratizing database access, but even state-of-the-art models frequently generate semantically incorrect SQL queries, hindering the widespread adoption of these techniques…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL task maps natural language utterances to structured queries that can be issued to a database. State-of-the-art (SOTA) systems rely on finetuning large, pre-trained language models in conjunction with constrained decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Lu Zeng , Sree Hari Krishnan Parthasarathi , Dilek Hakkani-Tur