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Text-to-SQL is a technology that converts natural language queries into the structured query language SQL. A novel research approach that has recently gained attention focuses on methods based on the complexity of SQL queries, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiawen Yi , Guo Chen , Zixiang Shen

Leveraging task-aware annotated data as supervised signals to assist with self-supervised learning on large-scale unlabeled data has become a new trend in pre-training language models. Existing studies show that multi-task learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Zhuosheng Zhang , Shuohang Wang , Yichong Xu , Yuwei Fang , Wenhao Yu , Yang Liu , Hai Zhao , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Shasha Li , Zhihua Wen , Kaixuan Wang , Ting Wang

Large language models have demonstrated excellent performance in many tasks, including Text-to-SQL, due to their powerful in-context learning capabilities. They are becoming the mainstream approach for Text-to-SQL. However, these methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yonghui Kong , Hongbing Hu , Dan Zhang , Siyuan Chai , Fan Zhang , Wei Wang

Recent In-Context Learning based methods have achieved remarkable success in Text-to-SQL task. However, there is still a large gap between the performance of these models and human performance on datasets with complex database schema and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Wenxuan Xie , Gaochen Wu , Bowen Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving skills across many tasks, but they still underperform compared to humans in various downstream applications, such as text-to-SQL. On the BIRD benchmark leaderboard, human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Zhibo Chu , Zichong Wang , Qitao Qin

The complexity of SQL and the spatial semantics of PostGIS create barriers for non-experts working with spatial data. Although large language models can translate natural language into SQL, spatial Text-to-SQL is more error-prone than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ali Khosravi Kazazi , Zhenlong Li , M. Naser Lessani , Guido Cervone

While recent advancements in inference-time learning have improved LLM reasoning on Text-to-SQL tasks, current solutions still struggle to perform well on the most challenging tasks in the Bird-Bench (BIRD) benchmark. This is due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 James Petullo , Nianwen Xue

SQL dialects vary in syntax, types, and functions across database engines. Text-to-SQL benchmarks, however, predominantly support only SQLite. This creates a critical evaluation gap: cross-dialect evaluation reveals weak per-query agreement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yotam Perlitz , Elad Venezian , Corentin Royer , Francesco Fusco , Andrea Giovannini

We explore using T5 (Raffel et al. (2019)) to directly translate natural language questions into SQL statements. General purpose natural language that interfaces to information stored within databases requires flexibly translating natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ning Li , Bethany Keller , Mark Butler , Daniel Cer

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, is part of various business processes. Its automation, which is an emerging challenge, will empower software practitioners to seamlessly interact with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yewei Song , Saad Ezzini , Xunzhu Tang , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyandé , Andrey Boytsov , Ulrick Ble , Anne Goujon

This paper introduces text-2-SQL-4-PM, a bilingual (Portuguese-English) benchmark dataset designed for the text-to-SQL task in the process mining domain. Text-to-SQL conversion facilitates natural language querying of databases, increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Bruno Yui Yamate , Thais Rodrigues Neubauer , Marcelo Fantinato , Sarajane Marques Peres

Text-to-SQL systems have become crucial for translating natural language into SQL queries in various industries, enabling non-technical users to perform complex data operations. The need for accurate evaluation methods has increased as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Heegyu Kim , Taeyang Jeon , Seunghwan Choi , Seungtaek Choi , Hyunsouk Cho

Frequently-Asked-Question (FAQ) retrieval provides an effective procedure for responding to user's natural language based queries. Such platforms are becoming common in enterprise chatbots, product question answering, and preliminary…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sourav Dutta , Haytham Assem , Edward Burgin

Speech-based inputs have been gaining significant momentum with the popularity of smartphones and tablets in our daily lives, since voice is the most easiest and efficient way for human-computer interaction. This paper works towards…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Yuanfeng Song , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Xuefang Zhao , Di Jiang

Real-world enterprise text-to-SQL workflows often involve complex cloud or local data across various database systems, multiple SQL queries in various dialects, and diverse operations from data transformation to analytics. We introduce…

Several large-scale datasets (e.g., WikiSQL, Spider) for developing natural language interfaces to databases have recently been proposed. These datasets cover a wide breadth of domains but fall short on some essential domains, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Rahul Kumar , Amar Raja Dibbu , Shrutendra Harsola , Vignesh Subrahmaniam , Ashutosh Modi

Text-to-SQL parsing tackles the problem of mapping natural language questions to executable SQL queries. In practice, text-to-SQL parsers often encounter various challenging scenarios, requiring them to be generalizable and robust. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Chang Gao , Bowen Li , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Yongbin Li

Text-to-SQL is a critical task in natural language processing that aims to transform natural language questions into accurate and executable SQL queries. In real-world scenarios, these reasoning tasks are often accompanied by complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tao Liu , Xutao Mao , Hongying Zan , Dixuan Zhang , Yifan Li , Haixin Liu , Lulu Kong , Jiaming Hou , Rui Li , YunLong Li , aoze zheng , Zhiqiang Zhang , Luo Zhewei , Kunli Zhang , Min Peng

Neural models have achieved significant results on the text-to-SQL task, in which most current work assumes all the input questions are legal and generates a SQL query for any input. However, in the real scenario, users can input any text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Yusen Zhang , Xiangyu Dong , Shuaichen Chang , Tao Yu , Peng Shi , Rui Zhang