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Quantum machine learning for classical data is currently perceived to have a scalability problem due to (i) a bottleneck at the point of loading data into quantum states, (ii) the lack of clarity around good optimization strategies, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Sonika Johri

Reducing bit-widths of weights, activations, and gradients of a Neural Network can shrink its storage size and memory usage, and also allow for faster training and inference by exploiting bitwise operations. However, previous attempts for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Qinyao He , He Wen , Shuchang Zhou , Yuxin Wu , Cong Yao , Xinyu Zhou , Yuheng Zou

We consider the problem of deep neural net compression by quantization: given a large, reference net, we want to quantize its real-valued weights using a codebook with $K$ entries so that the training loss of the quantized net is minimal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Yerlan Idelbayev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but typically require extensive computational resources and memory for inference. Post-training quantization (PTQ) can effectively reduce these demands by storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

The role of quantization within implicit/coordinate neural networks is still not fully understood. We note that using a canonical fixed quantization scheme during training produces poor performance at low-rates due to the network weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Cameron Gordon , Shin-Fang Chng , Lachlan MacDonald , Simon Lucey

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Quantizing deep neural networks ,reducing the precision (bit-width) of their computations, can remarkably decrease memory usage and accelerate processing, making these models more suitable for large-scale medical imaging applications with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Chongyu Qu , Ritchie Zhao , Ye Yu , Bin Liu , Tianyuan Yao , Junchao Zhu , Bennett A. Landman , Yucheng Tang , Yuankai Huo

Network quantization is arguably one of the most practical network compression approaches for reducing the enormous resource consumption of modern deep neural networks. They usually require diverse and subtle design choices for specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ningyuan Tang , Minghao Fu , Hao Yu , Jianxin Wu

Modern pre-trained transformers have rapidly advanced the state-of-the-art in machine learning, but have also grown in parameters and computational complexity, making them increasingly difficult to deploy in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Zechun Liu , Barlas Oguz , Aasish Pappu , Lin Xiao , Scott Yih , Meng Li , Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi , Yashar Mehdad

Quantization Neural Networks (QNN) have attracted a lot of attention due to their high efficiency. To enhance the quantization accuracy, prior works mainly focus on designing advanced quantization algorithms but still fail to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Mingzhu Shen , Feng Liang , Ruihao Gong , Yuhang Li , Chuming Li , Chen Lin , Fengwei Yu , Junjie Yan , Wanli Ouyang

Quantization of neural networks provides benefits of inference in less compute and memory requirements. Previous work in quantization lack two important aspects which this work provides. First almost all previous work in quantization used a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Zia Badar

Recent convolutional neural network (CNN) development continues to advance the state-of-the-art model accuracy for various applications. However, the enhanced accuracy comes at the cost of substantial memory bandwidth and storage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hsu-Hsun Chin , Ren-Song Tsay , Hsin-I Wu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a critical strategy for efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) deployment. However, existing scaling laws primarily focus on general performance, overlooking crucial fine-grained factors and how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Chenxi Zhou , Pengfei Cao , Jiang Li , Bohan Yu , Jinyu Ye , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Transformers have dominated sequence processing tasks for the past seven years -- most notably language modeling. However, the inherent quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism remains a significant bottleneck as context length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Alexander M. Fichtl , Jeremias Bohn , Josefin Kelber , Edoardo Mosca , Georg Groh

Large language models can be quantized to reduce inference time latency, model size, and energy consumption, thereby delivering a better user experience at lower cost. A challenge exists to deliver quantized models with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Quantization, a commonly used technique to reduce the memory footprint of a neural network for edge computing, entails reducing the precision of the floating-point representation used for the parameters of the network. The impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Abhishek Murthy , Himel Das , Md Ariful Islam

We propose a method of training quantization thresholds (TQT) for uniform symmetric quantizers using standard backpropagation and gradient descent. Contrary to prior work, we show that a careful analysis of the straight-through estimator…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Sambhav R. Jain , Albert Gural , Michael Wu , Chris H. Dick

Vectorized quantum block encoding provides a way to embed classical data into Hilbert space, offering a pathway for quantum models, such as Quantum Transformers (QT), that replace classical self-attention with quantum circuit simulations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Ziqing Guo , Ziwen Pan , Alex Khan , Jan Balewski

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, but their heavy resource demands make quantization-reducing precision to lower-bit formats-critical for efficient serving. While many…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianyao Shi , Yi Ding
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